謝孟媛初級文法III Unit4 關係代名詞 - Retire Note

謝孟媛初級文法III Unit4 關係代名詞

  

關係代名詞的功用=>連接詞+代名詞

第43課 講義初級文法III P38

(例1) I have a friend. The friend lives in Paris.

=> I have a friend and he lives in Paris.

=> I have a friend who lives in Paris.

• 國語：住巴黎的朋友
• 英語：a friend who lives in Paris

*語順為先行詞+關係代名詞，但也有下列句子

(例1) These was an old man in the apartment who was very rich.

(例2) I met two girls, one of whom is my cousin.

關係代名詞的種類

*人稱代名詞=>

• I love him. (V+O)
• I play with him. (介+O)

*格的用法

第44課 講義初級文法III P40

主格的關係代名詞

(1) 主格who => 先行詞(人)+主格關係代名詞who+動詞

*先行詞+關代

(例1)

The man is my father.

The man wears sunglasses.

=>The man who wears sunglasses is my father.

(例2)

I don't like people.

They get out of temper easily.

=>I don't like people who get out of temper easily.

(2) 主格which => 先行詞(事物、動物)+主格關係代名詞which+動詞

(例1)

I live in the house.

The house on the hill.

=>I live in the house which on the hill.

(例2)

English is a language.

It is spoken all over the world.

=>English is a language which is spoken all over the world.

(3) 主格that => 先行詞(人、事物、動物)+主格關係代名詞that+動詞

(例1)

People who help doctors and look after patients are called nurses.

People that help doctors and look after patients are called nurses.

(例2)

I like the building which/that was designed by Mr. Wu.

第45課 講義初級文法III P41

*主格的關係代名詞其後所接的動詞，須與先行詞的單複數一致

(例1) Tom is one of the boys who are fond of sports.

(例2) I Know a child who is good at surfing.

*that的不同用法

(1)指示代名詞

(例1) The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei.

(2)指示形容詞

(例1) Look at that dog.

(3)關係代名詞

(例1) The boy that is playing the guitar is Jimmy.

(4)連接詞

(例1) I think that honesty is the best policy.

所有格的關係代名詞

所有格whose => 先行詞(人、事物、動物)+所有格關係代名詞whose+名詞

(例1)

I know a girl.

Her father is a journalist.

=>I know a girl whose father is a journalist.

受格的關係代名詞

(1) 受格whom => 先行詞(人)+受格關係代名詞whom+主詞+動詞+(介係詞)

*口語中受格關係代名詞whom也可以用who代替

(例1)

The man is teacher.

She married him.

=>The man whom/who she married is is teacher.

(2)受格which => 先行詞(事物、動物)+受格關係代名詞which+主詞+動詞+(介係詞)

(例1)

Here is a magazine.

I borrowed it from Miss Wang.

=>Here is a magazine which I borrowed from Miss Wang

第46課 講義初級文法III P44

(3)受格that => 先行詞(人、事物、動物)+受格關係代名詞that+主詞+動詞+(介係詞)

(例1)

The little girl is very cute.

My dad is talking to her.

=>The little girl that/whom/that my dad talking to is very cute.

*eat 物 for 餐

特別注意的關係代名詞

(1)受格的關係代名詞可省略

(例1) Soccer is the sport which/that I like (the) best.

=>Soccer is the sport I like (the) best.

(2) 介係詞+受格關係代名詞

(例1) The woman whom/that you are speaking of is our principal.

=>The woman you are speaking of is our principal.

=>The woman of whom you are speaking of is our principal.

*介系詞放關係代名詞前，關代不可用that，也不可省略

(例1) The train which/that I am waiting for is now half an hour late.

=>The train I am waiting for is now half an hour late.

=>The train for which I am waiting for is now half an hour late.

(3) 關係代名詞只用that

先行詞前有最高級

(例1) Today is the coldest day (that) we're ever experienced.

先行詞前有序數

(例1) Kenny was the first boy that rushed out of the classsroom.

第47課 講義初級文法III P47

先行詞為人、事物或動物同時出現

(例1) Take a look at the boy and his dog that are coming this way.

先行詞前有疑問詞who、which=>避免重覆

(例1) Who that has seen the photos of startving chukdren does not want help them?

(*[who has seen the photos of startving chukdren]=>who跟前面的Who一樣，避免重覆改用that)

(例2) Which was the bag (that) you left in the train?

先行詞前有all, no, every, any, ~thing, ~one

*關代what=先行詞+關代

(例1) All (that) students have to do is (to) study hard.

What students have to do is (to) study hard.

先行詞前有the only, the same, the very(正是)

(例1) He was the only one [that trusted me].

*口訣

1.最高級、序數、人+物、避免重覆

2.all, no, every, any, the~(全部、沒有、每一、任一、三個the片語)

(4)限定用法及非限定用法

限定用法=>對先行詞的內容加以限定

(例1) They had two daughters who became actresses.

(*句中未提到女兒的總數)

非限定用法=>對先行詞的內容不加以限定，僅有使句子連貫功能

(例1) They had two daughters, who became actresses.

(*明確地表明只有兩位女兒)

第48課 講義初級文法III P49

(例1) I, who am your best friend, certainly will help you.

(5)關係代名詞的同義表現

1.名詞+主格關係代名詞+動詞=>名詞+現在分詞(主動)

(例1) There is a notice that says, "No parking."

=>There is a notice saying, "No parking."

2.名詞+主格關係代名詞+be動詞+過去分詞=>名詞+過去分詞(被動)

(例1) This is a cake which was made by Mrs. White.

=>This is a cake made by Mrs. White.

3. 名詞+who+have/has/had...=>名詞+with/having+...

(例1) She is a girl who has blond hair.

=>She is a girl having blond hair.

=>She is a girl with blond hair.

修飾名詞的字、片語、子句

(1)置於名詞前的形容詞、分詞

1.形容詞+名詞=>形容詞一般多位於名詞前

(例1) a red flower

2.現在分詞+名詞=>單獨一個字的現在分詞於名詞前，表"進行"或"主動"

(例1) a blooming flower

3.過去分詞+名詞=>單獨一個字的過去分詞於名詞前，表"完成"或"被動"

(例1) a fallen flower

(2)置於名詞後的形容詞、形容詞片語、形容詞子句

1.~thing/~body+形容詞

(例1) something interesting

2.名詞+形容詞片語=>由介系詞、分詞、不定詞引導

(例1) The pen on the desk is mine.

3.名詞+形容詞子句=>由關係代名詞引導

(例1) Do you think the lady who wears a dress is pretty?

=>Do you think the lady wears a dress is pretty?

=>Do you think the lady in a dress is pretty?