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英語學習筆記 碳排放 carbon emissions

✸✸The world』s largest coal mining companies need to show how they will reduce their carbon emissions to meet global climate targets under the Paris accord, according to an investor-backed group led by the Church of England.

1) according to 英 [əˈkɔ:dɪŋ tə] 美 [əˈkɔ:rdɪŋ tə] na.根據,按照;據…所說;如;比照

Eg Philip stayed at the hotel, according to Mr Hemming

據亨明先生所說,菲利普住在旅館里。

翻譯:根據以英國聖公會(Church of England)為首的一個投資者組織的說法,全球各大煤炭開採企業必須展示他們將如何降低碳排放以實現巴黎協議下的全球氣候變化目標。

✸✸Only two of the 20 largest listed coal companies — Rio Tinto and Brazil』s Vale — have long-term targets for reducing their emissions, according to a report published on Tuesday by the Transition Pathway Initiative, a coalition of investment funds with £34tn under management.

1) publish 英 [ˈpʌblɪʃ] 美 [ˈpʌblɪʃ] vt.& vi.出版,發行;發表,宣布(結婚等);公布,頒布;出版…的著作

Eg They publish reference books

他們出版工具書。

短語:publish in the newspaper 登報

Eg Whatever the organizational model, though, neither department can tell the otherwhat to publish in the newspaper.

最後一個標題介紹了報紙發行部的工作。

2)coalition 英 [ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn] 美 [ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃn] n.聯合;同盟;結合體;(兩黨或多黨)聯合政府

Eg Since June the country has had a coalition government

從6月份起,該國一直由一個聯合政府執掌政權。

短語:coalition government 英 [ˌkəuəˈliʃən ˈɡʌvənmənt] 美 [ˌkoəˈlɪʃən ˈɡʌvənmənt]

聯合政府

Eg The Social Democrats say they are ready after all to begin talks on joining a coalition government.

社會民主黨人竟然說他們準備開始談判加入聯合政府了。

翻譯:由旗下總共管理著34萬億英鎊資產的多隻投資基金組成的聯盟「過渡路徑行動」(Transition Pathway Initiative)周二發布的一份報告,20家最大上市煤炭企業中,只有兩家(力拓(Rio Tinto)和巴西淡水河谷(Vale))制定了降低排放的長期目標。

✸✸Three coal companies, DMCI Holdings, Inner Mongolia Yitai Coal, and Shougang Fushan Resources Group, do not even acknowledge climate change, the study said. The report comes after the Paris climate change agreement to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels came into effect last November.

1)come after 英 [kʌm ˈɑ:ftə] 美 [kʌm ˈæftɚ] 跟著…來,跟在…後面

Eg The reforms come after decades of hostility to revisionism.

和修正主義對抗了幾十年之後,改革終於到來了。

2)came into effect 起效

Eg The law came into effect on new year's day.

該法律在元旦開始生效。

翻譯:該研究報告表示,DMCI控股公司(DMCI Holdings)、內蒙古伊泰煤炭股份有限公司(Inner Mongolia Yitai Coal)和首鋼福山資源集團(Shougang Fushan Resources Group)這三家企業甚至不承認存在氣候變化問題。該報告發布之前,巴黎氣候變化協定在去年11月份生效,旨在將全球升溫幅度限制在比工業化之前水平高2攝氏度以內。

✸✸「We still need to be able to assess the future carbon reductions of these companies against the globally agreed 2 degree pathway,」 said Adam Matthews, head of engagement for the almost £10bn of pension and investment funds of the Church of England.

1)be able to 英 [bi: ˈeibl tu:] 美 [bi ˈebəl tu] v.能夠;能,會;克

Eg They may be able to help with childcare so that you can have a break

他們可以幫忙照料孩子,這樣你就可以歇一歇了。

2)engagement 英 [ɪnˈgeɪdʒmənt] 美 [ɛnˈɡedʒmənt] n.約會;訂婚,婚約;約定,契約;僱用

Eg He had an engagement at a restaurant in Greek Street at eight.

他8點在希臘街的一個餐廳有個約會。

短語:engage in 英 [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ in] 美 [ɪn'gedʒ ɪn] 經營;參加,從事,忙於;業

Eg Industry leaders want scientists to engage in fundamental research, not appliedresearch.

行業領袖希望科學家從事基礎性研究,而非應用性研究。

翻譯:英國聖公會規模近100億英鎊的養老金和投資基金的社會參與主管亞當•馬修斯(Adam Matthews)表示:「我們仍然需要有能力評估一下,針對全球同意的2攝氏度目標的實現路徑,這些企業未來的碳排放減少量應為多少。」

✸✸While many large investors have shunned coal, shares in producers have returned 38 per cent over the past year, according to the VanEck Vectors Coal ETF.

1)shunned v.避開,迴避,避免( shun的過去式和過去分詞 )

Eg This extremist organization has shunned conventional politics.

這個極端主義組織有意避開了傳統政治。

翻譯:根據VanEck Vectors Coal ETF的說法,儘管許多大型投資者已迴避煤炭,但過去一年裡煤炭生產商的股票已產生38%的回報。

✸✸Benchmark Australian thermal coal prices more than doubled in 2016 and briefly rose above $100 a tonne after China imposed curbs on its domestic producers.

1)thermal coal 動力煤;熱煤;電煤;燃煤

Eg Coking coal is used to make steel, while power plants provide a market for thermalcoal.

煉焦煤用於鍊鋼,而火電廠為電煤提供了一個市場。

2)impose on 英 [imˈpəuz ɔn] 美 [ɪmˈpoz ɑn] 把…加於;強與…為伴;使硬纏著;給…帶來麻煩

Eg Why should you let this fellow impose on you?

你為什麼要讓這傢伙欺負你?

翻譯:澳大利亞動力煤基準價格指數在2016年上漲了一倍以上,並曾在限制其國內生產商后短暫攀升至每噸100美元以上。

✸✸While demand for coal is declining in the developed world, it is not likely to peak in China until 2026, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Coal will still make up 30 per cent of the power-generation mix of the country in 2040, the research group said in a recent report.

1)demand for 英 [diˈmɑ:nd fɔ:] 美 [dɪˈmænd fɔr] 要求…

Eg Surging imports will add to the demand for hard currency.

進口激增將增加對硬通貨的需求。

2) make up 英 [meik ʌp] 美 [mek ʌp] 組成;化妝;補足;編造

Eg North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country

北非人構成了該國最大的、也是最貧困的移民群。

翻譯:根據彭博新能源財經(Bloomberg New Energy Finance)的說法,儘管發達國家對煤炭的需求正在下滑,但對煤炭的需求不太可能在2026年之前見頂。該研究組織在近期一份報告中表示,2040年煤炭占發電能源結構的比重仍將達到30%。

✸✸Greater transparency on action by mining companies could help investors and index providers better judge which companies were dealing with climate change, rather than avoiding coal companies altogether, said Jon Samuel, head of social performance and engagement at Anglo American.

1)deal with 英 [di:l wið] 美 [dil wɪð] 應付; 對待;惠顧; 與…交易

Eg In dealing with suicidal youngsters, our aims should be clear

在對待有自殺傾向的青少年時,我們的目標應當很明確。

2)Deal with a man as he deals with you. 以其人之道還治其人之身

翻譯:英美資源集團(Anglo American)社會表現及參與主管喬恩•塞繆爾(Jon Samuel)表示,提高採礦企業行動透明度可能有助於投資者和指數提供商更好地判斷哪些企業在應對氣候變化——而不是完全迴避煤炭企業。

✸✸The study, conducted by the London School of Economics and Politics, tracked companies through five levels based on 14 questions related to climate change. Only three companies made it to the top level, Anglo American, BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto, but none of them met all of the criteria in that top level, it said.

1) conducted 英 [kənˈdʌktɪd] 美 [kənˈdʌktɪd] vt.實施;為人;指揮(軍隊,樂隊等);[物]傳導(熱,電等)vt.& vi.引導,帶領 vi.指揮樂隊 v. 傳導;引導( conduct的過去式和過去分詞 );帶領;控制

Eg Analyses were conducted on the raw data.

對原始數據進行了分析。

短語:conducted by 由…指揮

Eg The study was conducted by Gothenburg University and Lund University in Sweden carried out by researchers.

此項研究由瑞典哥德堡大學和隆德大學研究人員進行。

2)make it to 趕上,到達

Eg So you did make it to America, after all.

那麼,你終究還是成功地來到了美國。

翻譯:這項由倫敦政治經濟學院(London School of Economics and Political Science)開展的研究,根據與氣候變化有關的14個問題,將相關企業經跟蹤研究后劃分為五個級別。該研究報告表示,只有英美資源集團、必和必拓(BHP Billiton)和力拓被劃到了最高級別,不過這三家企業也沒有一家達到最高級別的所有評價標準。

✸✸In addition, only seven out of the 20 largest listed coal mining companies reported the emissions from the downstream burning of their coal, so-called lifecycle carbon emissions.

1)in addition 英 [in əˈdiʃən] 美 [ɪn əˈdɪʃən] adv.另外;並且;除此之外;況且

You need money and time; in addition, you need diligence.

Eg 你需要錢和時間,此外還需要努力。

翻譯:此外,這20家最大上市採煤企業中,只有7家報告了下游燒煤的排放量,即所謂生命周期碳排放



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