庫克2017麻省理工演講：我更擔心人類像AI一樣思考

北京時間6月9日晚，清華經管學院顧問委員會委員、蘋果公司CEO蒂姆·庫克在麻省理工學院（MIT）2017年畢業典禮上發表演講。

「我更擔心的是人們像計算機一樣思考」

有的時候，技術也會成為問題，庫克說，他擔憂技術是否能夠正確地為人所用。

與教皇方濟各的會面令庫克感觸頗深，他說，技術賦予了我們權力，但它仍有潛在的反噬我們的可能。

「我所擔心的並不是人工智慧能夠像人一樣思考，我更擔心的是人們像計算機一樣思考，沒有價值觀，沒有同情心，沒有對結果的敬畏之心。這就是為什麼我們需要你們這樣的畢業生，來幫助我們控制技術。」

在人工智慧迅猛崛起，AlphaGo可以在圍棋上挫敗人類的今日，關注技術失控的潛在風險的不僅僅是庫克。今年GMIC 2017北京大會上，霍金也談到了對於人工智慧發展的擔憂，認為應該通過研究，找到一個控制危險的超級智能崛起的辦法。

「我們做事，僅僅是因為它是正義、正當的」

如何實現技術的價值呢？庫克在演講中列舉了蘋果的行動：幫助盲人跑馬拉松的iPhone手機，可以及時預防心臟病的Apple Watch，可以幫助自閉症兒童敞開心扉的iPad。

事實上，擔任蘋果 CEO 以來，庫克做得更多。他在 自己的微博客上除了發布關於蘋果的「廣告」外，還有相當一部分內容有關人類福祉。他常常引用馬丁·路德·金還有約翰·肯尼迪的語句。

這次他也用了——「所有的生活都是相連的」（馬丁路德金博士語）。

這位CEO重視工人權益、清潔能源。當股東質疑環保事業的意義時，他回答：「我們做事，僅僅是因為它是正義、正當的。如果你要我提供明晰的回報表，你現在就該把蘋果的股票拋掉，簡簡單單。」

「Steve給我的生命指明了方向」

並不意外，在今天的演講中，庫克多次提到喬布斯，他感激喬布斯為他的人生指明了方向——為更大的人類目標奮鬥，也相信喬布斯留下的價值——技術本身是不夠的，一定要讓技術和文化和人文結合起來才可以。

即使常常被認為生活在蘋果的靈魂——喬布斯的陰影之下；即便受到過質疑，有人認為庫克「確保了所有東西精確就位，但不會令人感到心潮澎湃」。但庫克在帶領蘋果的道路上，已經展現了非凡的天賦和合理的判斷。拿數據說話，2011年庫克正式從喬布斯手中接過蘋果CEO帥印，5年時間過去后，將蘋果市值拉高了近一倍。

視頻尚未發布，暫時無法播放

以下為演講全文（中文翻譯）：

我會問自己，難道生命的意義就在於此嗎？我在杜克大學讀了研究所，我試過冥想，我接受了高等教育，我也試過有引導性的信仰，讀過諸多哲學著作。我還嘗試用Windows的電腦，所以我可以說是使用了所有的方法來尋求答案。在經歷了20年的曲曲折折后，它把我引向蘋果。那個時候Steve·Jobs剛剛回到了蘋果公司，那個時候他發起了與眾不同的一場運動，賦予這些瘋狂的人、格格不入的人、叛逆之人機會。他知道做了這些我們就能改變世界。那個時候Steve Jobs知道他有能力回答這些問題，那時我看到了他的熱忱，我看到了他對這些事業以及為人類服務的熱情。當時他的目標是如此的簡單、純樸，那就是為人類服務。

在15年尋求真理之後，我最終找到了這樣一個答案，就在一刻，我覺得自己受到了啟發。我的理想和公司的目標達成一致——使用技術達成更崇高的目標。我的理想和喬布斯也是一致的，我們今天所做的努力能夠改變人們明天的生活，改變人們的未來。

而當時，我自己也是苦苦地在尋求這些。當時的我並不知道自己正在尋找答案。但突然間，我感到心中的負擔完全消失了。后見之明告訴我，這一切是順理成章的。我明白如果在一個目標不明確的公司工作，我絕對不會找到自己的理想，所以在那個時候是喬布斯給我了機會，讓我全身心投入工作。

所以我問自己我將如何為人類服務呢？從那時起，這是對我來說最重要的問題。當你為一個比自己更重要的目標而奮鬥時，你找到了意義、找到了理想，所以我希望在MIT，你也會問自己——「我應該怎麼為人類服務？」好消息是，在MIT你們已經走上了正確的道路。你們知道科學和技術可以讓世界變得更好，讓成千上萬人們的生活變得更加方便，而且大幅度提高效率。

如果我們要解決一些世界上最棘手的問題，從癌症到氣候變化到教育不平等，僅靠技術本身並不是終極之道，甚至有時候技術也會成為問題。比如說就在去年我有機會和方濟各教皇見面，這是我生命當中最特別的會面。

他在貧民窟中安撫貧民的時間超過了和國家元首見面的時間。他對科技的了解也讓人覺得難以置信，他肯定是深入思考過科技的。在他看來，這些都是機會，同時也意味著風險，還關乎人們的道德。在跟教皇的這次見面當中，我們討論了在蘋果一個非常重要的話題：那就是人類如何面對自身從未擁有過的如此多的權力？方濟各懷疑，這些權力究竟能不能以正確的方式為人所用？今天，科技已經佔據了生活的方方面面，在很多情況下，都是積極的力量，但我們也可以看到有潛在的可能，也就是科技反噬我們，可能會咬得很深。比如對我們安全、隱私的威脅，比如說虛假新聞、社交媒體現在對社會的負面影響，有些時候這些本來應該連接人類的技術，開始把人類分割開來。科技可以實現偉大的願景，但是科技如果不願意做這些偉大的事業怎麼辦，如果科技什麼都不想要，所以現在我們需要去思考，我們的價值觀，我們對我們的鄰里和社區的承諾，我們對愛和美的信任，以及我們的信仰，我們的人格，我們的善良。

我所擔心的並不是人工智慧能夠像人一樣思考，我更擔心的是人們像計算機一樣思考，沒有價值觀，沒有同情心，沒有對結果的敬畏之心。這就是為什麼我們需要你們這樣的畢業生，來幫助我們控制科技。因為科學就像在黑暗中探索一樣，人性就像是燭光，照亮我們走過的地方和前路的艱險。喬布斯說過，「科技本身是不夠的，一定要讓科技和文化和人文結合起來才可以讓人理智。」當人仍然是處在核心位置的時候，你可以帶來巨大的影響力，比如說今天使用iPhone手機，一個盲人可以跑馬拉松；你使用蘋果手錶可以及時預防心臟病；使用iPad，可以幫助自閉症兒童認識世界，敞開心扉。所以你們需要將價值觀跟科技融合起來，要讓這種權力真正地惠及所有人。你在一生當中所做的事情，以及我們在蘋果公司所做的事情，就是在嘗試把我們的科技同人文融合起來。

這樣責任重大，同時也是機會所在。我相信你們這一代人，以你們的熱情和你們願意服務人類的決心，我有理由相信你們，依賴你們。儘管有很多憤世嫉俗的言論和陰謀論存在，互聯網賦予了我們很多，但是也會有很多基本的原則被人們置之腦後，斤斤計較和負能量爆棚。但不要讓這樣的聲音使你們誤入歧途，不要陷入生活的瑣碎，不要聽信網路噴子，更不要變成噴子。不要通過點贊來衡量生活，而要看你真正觸及到了多少人的生命。不要看自己是否受歡迎，而是看自己服務了多少人。在我開始在乎別人怎麼看我之後，我生活的目標也變大了，你們也會如此。但是請你們不要分心，要關注真正重要的事情。

有些時候你有決心想要去服務人類，但是這種決心將會受到考驗，請做好準備。人們會說服你，也許你應該在職業生涯當中不要擁有同情心和同理心，但是不要相信這些虛假的設定。

曾經有人一直都在質疑蘋果的投資，有人要求我承諾蘋果只會不斷去投資那些可以帶來最好回報的業務。我嘗試跟他們打太極，有很多事情其實跟投資回報率沒有關係，但是我們依然做了。比如說保護環境本身就是一個非常重要的例子，當時在董事會當中有人不同意我們這樣去做。於是我跟他攤牌，我告訴他如果你不同意蘋果做這些正確的事情，那你就不適合做蘋果的股東。

作為蘋果的股東，你必須要敢於承擔責任，必須要有立場。有些情況下，只有你才能做正確的事情，不能指望別人。大家要遵從自己的內心，用自己的雙手，來為更重要的事情努力，沒有什麼比這更重要的。正像馬丁路德金博士說過的，「所有的生活都是相連的」。我們所有人都朝著一個方向去努力，如果你們選擇要科技和它所服務的人的交叉點，如果你願意為生活當中遇到的每個人盡你所能，那麼今天，我們所有人類都有理由來相信它們。

非常感謝大家，還有最後祝賀2017屆的學生。

英文演講全文

Hello, MIT!

Thank you. Congratulations class of 』17. I especially want to thank Chairman Millard, President Reif, distinguished faculty, trustees, and the members of the class of 1967. It is a privilege to be here today with your families and your friends on such an amazing and important day.

MIT and Apple share so much. We both love hard problems. We love the search for new ideas, and we especially love finding those ideas, the really big ones, the ones that can change the world. I know MIT has a proud tradition of pranks or as you would call them, hacks. And you have pulled off some pretty great ones over the years. I』ll never figure out how MIT students sent that Mars rover to the Kresge Oval, or put a propeller beanie on the great dome, or how you』ve obviously taken over the president』s Twitter account. I can tell college students are behind because most of the Tweets happen at 3:00 a.m.

I』m really happy to be here. Today is about celebration. And you have so much to be proud of. As you leave here to start the next leg of your journey in life, there will be days where you ask yourself, 『Where is this all going?』 『What is the purpose?』 『What is my purpose?』 I will be honest, I asked myself that same question and it took nearly 15 years to answer it. Maybe by talking about my journey today, I can save you some time.

The struggle for me started early on. In high school, I thought I discovered my life』s purpose when I could answer that age-old question, 『What do you want to be when you grow up?』 Nope. In college I thought I』d discover it when I could answer, 『What』s your major?』 Not quite. I thought that maybe I』d discovered it when I found a good job. Then I thought I just needed to get a few promotions. That didn』t work either.

I kept convincing myself that it was just over the horizon, around the next corner. Nothing worked. And it was really tearing me apart. Part of me kept pushing ahead to the next achievement. And the other part kept asking, 『Is this all there is?』 I went to grad school at Duke looking for the answer. I tried meditation. I sought guidance in religion. I read great philosophers and authors. And in a moment of youthful indiscretion, I might even have experimented with a Windows PC, and obviously that didn』t work.

After countless twists and turns, at last, 20 years ago, my search brought me to Apple. At the time, the company was struggling to survive. Steve Jobs had just returned to Apple, and had launched the 『Think Different』 campaign. He wanted to empower the crazy ones—the misfits, the rebels and the troublemakers, the round pegs, and the square holes—to do the best work. If we could just do that, Steve knew we could really change the world.

Before that moment, I had never met a leader with such passion or encountered a company with such a clear and compelling purpose: to serve humanity. It was just that simple. Serve humanity. And it was in that moment, after 15 years of searching, something clicked. I finally felt aligned. Aligned with a company that brought together challenging, cutting edge work with a higher purpose. Aligned with a leader who believed that technology which didn』t exist yet could reinvent tomorrow』s world. Aligned with myself and my own deep need to serve something greater.

Of course, at that moment I don』t know all of that. I was just grateful to have psychological burden lifted. But with the help of hindsight, my breakthrough makes a lot more sense. I was never going to find my purpose working some place without a clear sense of purpose of its own. Steve and Apple freed me to throw my whole self into my work, to embrace their mission and make it my own. How can I serve humanity? This is life』s biggest and most important question. When you work towards something greater than yourself, you find meaning, you find purpose. So the question I hope you will carry forward from here is how will you serve humanity?

The good news is since you are here today you are on a great track. At MIT you have learned how much power that science and technology have to change the world for the better. Thanks to discoveries made right here, billions of people are leading healthier, more productive and more fulfilling lives. And if we』re ever going to solve some of the hardest problems facing the world today, everything from cancer to climate change to educational inequality, then technology will help us to do it. But technology alone isn』t the solution. And sometimes it』s even part of the problem.

Last year I had the chance to meet with Pope Francis. It was the most incredible meeting of my life. This is a man who has spent more time comforting the inflicted in slums than with heads of state. This may surprise you, but he knew an unbelievable amount about technology. It was obvious to me that he had thought deeply about it. Its opportunity. Its risks. Its morality. What he said to me at that meeting, what he preached, really, was on a topic that we care a lot about at Apple. But he expressed a shared concern in a powerful new way: Never has humanity had such power over itself, yet nothing ensures it will be used wisely, he has said.

Technology today is integral to almost all aspects of our lives and most of the time it』s a force for good. And yet the potential adverse consequences are spreading faster and cutting deeper. The threats to security, threats to privacy, fake news, and social media that becomes antisocial. Sometimes the very technology that is meant to connect us divides us. Technology is capable of doing great things. But it doesn』t want to do great things. It doesn』t want anything. That part takes all of us. It takes our values and our commitment to our families and our neighbors and our communities, our love of beauty and belief that all of our faiths are interconnected, our decency, our kindness.

I』m not worried about artificial intelligence giving computers the ability to think like humans. I』m more concerned about people thinking like computers without values or compassion, without concern for consequences. That is what we need you to help us guard against. Because if science is a search in the darkness, then the humanities are a candle that shows us where we』ve been and the danger that lies ahead.

As Steve once said, technology alone is not enough. It is technology married with the liberal arts married with the humanities that make our hearts sing. When you keep people at the center of what you do, it can have an enormous impact. It means an iPhone that allows the blind person to run a marathon. It means an Apple Watch that catches a heart condition before it becomes a heart attack. It means an iPad that helps a child with autism connect with his or her world. In short, it means technology infused with your values, making progress possible for everyone.

Whatever you do in your life, and whatever we do at Apple, we must infuse it with the humanity that each of us is born with. That responsibility is immense, but so is the opportunity. I』m optimistic because I believe in your generation, your passion, your journey to serve humanity. We are all counting on you. There is so much out there conspiring to make you cynical. The internet has enabled so much and empowered so many, but it can also be a place where basic rules of decency are suspended and pettiness and negativity thrive.

Don』t let that noise knock you off course. Don』t get caught up in the trivial aspects of life. Don』t listen to trolls and for God』s sake don』t become one. Measure your impact in humanity not in the likes, but the lives you touch; not in popularity, but in the people you serve. I found that my life got bigger when I stopped carrying about what other people thought about me. You will find yours will too. Stay focused on what really matters. There will be times when your resolve to serve humanity will be tested. Be prepared. People will try to convince you that you should keep your empathy out of your career. Don』t accept this false premise.

At a shareholders meeting a few years back, someone questioned Apple』s investment and focus on the environment. He asked me to pledge that Apple would only invest in green initiatives that could be justified with a return on investment. I tried to be diplomatic. I pointed out that Apple does many things, like accessibility features for those with disabilities that don』t rely on an ROI. We do the things because they are the right thing to d, and protecting the environment is a critical example. He wouldn』t let it go and I got my blood up. So I told him, 「If you can』t accept our position, you shouldn』t own Apple stock.」

When you are convinced that your cause is right, have the courage to take a stand. If you see a problem or an injustice, recognize that no one will fix it but you. As you go forward today, use your minds and hands and your hearts to build something bigger than yourselves. Always remember there is no idea bigger than this. As Dr. Martin Luther King said, 「All life is interrelated. We are all bound together into a single garment of destiny.」 If you keep that idea at the forefront of all that you do, if you choose to live your lives at that intersection between technology and the people it serves, if you strive to create the best, give the best, do the best for everyone, not just for some, then today all of humanity has good cause for hope.

Thank you very much and congratulations class of 2017!

聲明：本文轉載自公眾號「清華大學經濟管理學院」，

在此致謝！