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2021/12/25
複合句
一、名詞性從句考點透析
1．that無詞義，在從句中不作成分。當that引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時，that不能省。如：
(1)That he will refuse the offer is impossible.
他不可能拒絕這個工作。
(2)It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
她的頭髮變得灰白了，這讓她焦心。
2．whether，if都可引導名詞性從句，但需注意下列幾點：
(1)在句首引導主語從句時，只能用whether。
Whether we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
我們明天是否去露營看天氣而定。
(2)if不能引導表語從句。
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
醫生真正擔心的是重病後我媽媽是否可以完全康復。
(3)if不能引導介詞后的賓語從句。
Everything depends on whether we can make a plan that they will agree to.
一切都取決於我們能否制定出一個他們認可的計劃。
(4)如果賓語從句是否定句時，只能用if。
I asked Jack if he hadn't decided what he would say at the meeting.
我問傑克他是否尚未想好在會上該說些什麼。
(5)discuss后的賓語從句只能用whether引導。doubt作「懷疑」解釋接賓語從句時，如果主句是肯定的，賓語從句用whether或if引導，如果主句是否定的，賓語從句只能用that引導。如：
We discussed whether the medicine will cause side effect.
我們討論了這葯是否會引起副作用。
I doubt whether/if he is fit for his office.
我們懷疑他是否稱職。
I don't doubt that he can do it very well.
我不懷疑他能把這件事做得很好。
3．wh詞既有詞義(該詞基本的辭彙意義)，又在名詞性從句中充當成分。因此，在選擇wh詞時，既要考慮該詞的基本意義，又要考慮它在從句中的作用。如：
(1)－I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
——我駕車去珠海看航展了。
－Is that why you had a few days off?
——你請幾天假就為了這個？
(why引導表語從句，在從句中作原因狀語)
(2)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
人們普遍認為孩子要什麼就給什麼是不明智的。
(whatever引導賓語從句，並在從句中作wants的賓語)
(3)A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.(what 引導賓語從句，在從句中作賓語)
電腦只能按你的指令做事。
(4)What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.是什麼導致了事故發生還是一個謎。
(what引導主語從句，並在從句中作主語)
4．do you think，do you suppose，do you believe等後接疑問詞連接的賓語從句時，疑問詞應移至句首，從句用陳述句語序。
Since you have seen both fighters，who do you think will win?
既然兩個選手你都看到了，你認為誰會贏？
5．I think，I suppose，I believe等後接否定句作賓語從句時，要把否定轉移到主句。
I don't think you are right.(不能說：I think you are not right.)
我認為你不對。
Ⅰ.按照句子結構的語法性和句子連貫的要求，在空白處填上適當的詞。
1．「I wanted to see for myself________happened」，said Ferry.「I couldn't imagine________it is like to lose your home and everything.」
2．Soon, they became interested in different types of machines and began to learn________ the machines worked.
3.Nobody stood out admitting the fact，for some reason，________they lost the game.
4．He was greeted by the city mouse cheerfully. The country mouse was surprised________big the house was.
5．I couldn't do anything but stand and stare. Then a man approached me and asked________I wanted my belongings back.
6．It is your attitude towards it________matters.
7．As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
8．Scientists study ________ human brains work to make computers.
9．It suddenly occurred to him________he had left his keys in the office.
10．The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for________he could find about Mark Twain.
Ⅱ.閱讀下列短文，按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入適當的關聯詞。
It was reported 1.______ there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street this morning. No one saw 2.______ on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. 3.______ will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police were uncertain about 4.______ the driver was guilty. 5.______ the police should do now is 6.______ they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.______ the accident happened is not clear. Perhaps the reason was 8.______ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didn't admit the fact 9.______ he was overspeed driving at the turning. The police doubted 10.______ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
答案：
Ⅰ.1.what；what2.how3.that4.how5.whether/if
6．that7.whichever8.how9.that10.whatever
Ⅱ.1.that2.what3.Who4.whether5.What6.that7.how8.that9.that10.whether
Ⅲ.短文改錯
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號(∧)，並在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多餘的詞用斜線(\)畫掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，並在該詞下面寫出修改後的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
The news has stirred up a heated debate what there will be a new round of College Entrance Examination reform of some provinces in 2017.Those in favor of it think it that the reform can lighten the student's burden to some extent. But, what most worries the opponents is whether it is likely that the frequent reform will result in students' great anxiety，as they doubt that it can really benefit students. Actually, it is not surprising at all because people pay so much attention to the reform，as College Entrance Examination plays a very important part in the future of the young. As a student of Senior 3, I do believe the most effective way is that we students get the hang of the knowledge of every course and which matters is we students should try our best to learn something useful so that we know how to fit in with the society.
答案：
二、定語從句考點透析
1．關係代詞有：who，whom，whose，which，that，as。
關係副詞有：when，where，why。
2．注意關係代詞that的用法，如：
(1)All that can be done has been done.
能做的都已經做了。
(2)I have read all the books that you gave me.
我已經讀完你給的所有書籍。
(3)Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that was built about 200 years ago.
北海公園是兩百年前修建的最美麗的公園之一。
3．關於「介詞＋關係代詞」。
能作介詞賓語的關係代詞只有whom 和which，先行詞指人時用whom，先行詞指物時用which。介詞的選定有兩個原則，一是看從句中的動詞和哪個介詞可構成固定搭配，二是看句中需用哪個介詞句意才符合邏輯。如：
(1)In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30，by which many people have got home.
在辦公室里，我似乎5：30前永遠不會有時間，而那時許多人都已經到家了。
(根據句意，用by which，意為「到這個時候」)
(2)In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的街上，她找不到一個可以求助的人。(turn to sb.for help是固定搭配)
4．當先行詞是表示時間、地點的名詞時，不能草率地認為定語從句就一定用when和where引導，需弄清所缺的關係詞在從句中的作用才能選擇恰當的關係詞。需要牢記的是：關係副詞在定語從句中只能作狀語，即使先行詞是表示時間、地點的名詞，但如果所缺關係詞在從句中是作主語、賓語的話，仍然應用關係代詞which，that。如：
(1)It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，when for the first time their team won the World Cup.
這是足球迷一年中激動的時刻，他們隊第一次贏得了世界盃。
比較：This is the museum which/that we visited last year.(that/which是visited的賓語)
(2)This is the museum where my father used to work.(where是used to work的地點狀語)
這是我父親曾經工作過的博物館。
(3)I'll never forget the days when I studied in this university.(when是studied的時間狀語)
我永遠不會忘記在這所大學學習的日子。
(4)I'll never forget the days which we spent together.(which是spent的賓語)
我永遠不會忘記我們一起度過的那些日子。
5．關係代詞與其他代詞的選填。
如果兩個分句中間用逗號隔開，要求考生在第二個分句填入一個代詞的話，考生首先要弄清句子結構。第二分句前如有and，but，or，so等詞，它就是並列分句，要用人稱代詞或指示代詞。第二分句前如無and，but，or，so等詞，它就是一個非限制性定語從句，因此應選用關係代詞。如：
(1)Alice received an invitation from her boss，which came as a surprise.
愛麗絲收到了老闆的請柬，這對她是個驚喜。
(2)Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but it didn't help.
湯姆的媽媽總是叫他努力學習，可這一點用也沒有。
(3)I shall never forget the years when I lived in the country with the farmers，which has a great effect on me.
我永遠不會忘記我們在鄉村和農民們一起度過的那幾年，它們對我影響極大。
6．as，which引導的非限制性定語從句。
as，which都可引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中都能作主語、賓語。但是，as除了引導定語從句外，還有「正如」、「像……一樣」的辭彙意義，which沒有這個意思。此外，在句首引導非限制性定語從句時， 只能用as。如：
(1) _，謂語)he is very successful as a writer.,)
正如你知道的那樣，作為作家他很成功。
(2)We collected money for these poor children，
__．狀語)
我們為這些可憐的孩子募捐，這是在會上決定的。
(3)She always criticized Tom，,)
_．賓語補足語)
她老是批評湯姆，這讓他極不高興。
7．如果先行詞是way，可用that，in which引導定語從句，或不用關係代詞。如：
(1)I don't like the way that he spoke to me.
我不喜歡他跟我說話的方式。
(2)I don't like the way in which he spoke to me.
(3)I don't like the way he spoke to me.
8．先行詞是occasion時，關係副詞用when；先行詞是point，stage，situation，case，position時，關係副詞用where。如：
(1)I still remember the occasion when I had to tell a lie although I didn't want to.
我仍然記得那個場景，雖然我不想說謊，可又不得不說謊。
(2)You could get into a situation where you are forced to do something against your will.
你有可能陷入一種困境：違背自己的意願，被迫做某些事情。
Ⅰ.按照句子結構的語法性和句子連貫的要求，在空白處填上適當的詞。
1．A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
2．In 1786 they were published in the volume, Poems, Chiefly，________made him famous in Scotland overnight.
3．There they met people from other parts of the country，________had also volunteered to help.
4. Some planes have seats________lie flat to become beds and on the very newest planes，passengers can even use the Internet!
5. He has 320 melons in all，58 of ________are on the table. Fresh and red, each weighs about 2kg.
6．Care of the soul is a gradual process in ________ even the small details of life should be considered.
7．One day the city mouse，________lived in a big house wrote a letter to the country mouse inviting him for a visit.
8．But she never forgot other children of the mountains________parents couldn't afford to send them to school.
9．My opportunity came one morning when I was in the community library. I passed by a girl________dropped her books out of her locker.
10．All the bands________have little to do with good music fail to be viewed as successful on stage.
11.They think that managing one's micro blog will take a lot of time and energy，________should be used to study.
12．They also bought a wheelchair for tenyearold Tan Jun，________suffers from a brain problem.
13．That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
14．Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
15．Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
16．In our class there are 46 students, of________ half wear glasses.
17．By 16：30, ________was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
18．We live in an agemore information is available with greater ease than ever before.
19．Have you sent thankyou notes to the relatives from ________ you received gifts?
20．I wish to thank Professor Smith, Without ________help I would never have got this far.
Ⅱ.在下文空格處填入恰當的關聯詞。
There was a time 1.________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason 2.________ my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3.________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4.________ teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me facetoface, from 5.________ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.______ we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide，7.________ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.________ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep, I recall the passage, through 9.________ I can memorize a large number of new words. 10.________our English teacher says, 「As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.」
答案：
Ⅰ.1.as2.which3.who4.that/which5.which
6．which7.who8.whose9.who10.that
11．which12.who13.which14.which15.where
16．whom17.which18.when19.whom20.whose
Ⅱ.1.when2.why3.where4.whose5.which
6．that/which7.who8.which9.which10.As
Ⅲ.短文改錯
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號(∧)，並在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多餘的詞用斜線(\)畫掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，並在該詞下面寫出修改後的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
I have a classmate called Kate，her mother is my former English teacher. Kate is a girl whom is easy to get along with and we all like her. Kate took the first place in the Speech Contest, it made her mother happy. The New Year is coming, at when Kate will go to Hong Kong together with her mother. Which we all know, Hong Kong is a shopping paradise, that Kate intends to buy she needs.That's the reason because Kate likes shopping there.As it will be the first time when Kates travels so far, she is too excited to fall asleep at night. She wishes it will become the most exciting experience that is she has ever had.
答案：
三、 狀語從句考點透析
1．when，while，as.
它們都引導時間狀語從句，都可做「當……時候」解。when意為「在……時刻或時期」，它可指「時間點」或「時間段」，除此之外，when還可作「既然」解釋。as意為「一邊……一邊」或「隨著……」，著重表示主句與從句的動作同時發生。while只指「時間段」，意為「在……期間」，它所引導的從句的謂語只能是持續性動詞。while還可用作並列連詞，意為「而，但」，表對比轉折。如：
(1)－I'm going to the post office.
——我要去郵局。
－While you are there，can you get me some stamps?
——你在郵局時，能給我買幾張郵票嗎？
(2)They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldn't.
他們很震驚，一個小孩居然能做出那道題，而他們自己卻不能。
(3)As the day went on，the weather got worse.
隨著一天過去，天氣變得更糟糕了。
(4)The train had just started when we arrived at the station.
我們到車站時，火車剛剛啟動。
(5)Why do you want a new job when you've got a good one already?
既然你已經有了個好工作，為什麼還要找工作呢？
2．the moment，the second，the minute，as soon as，directly，immediately都是「一……就……」的意思。the first time，the last time作連詞時，意為「當第一次……的時候」、「當最後一次……的時候」。no sooner...than，hardly...when，scarcely...when也是「一……就……」之意，但它們有時態限制，前面部分用過去完成時，後面用一般過去式。如果no sooner，hardly，scarcely在句首，句子要用倒裝語序(請參閱第十二講「倒裝部分」)。如：
(1)－Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
——你記得把欠瑪麗的錢還給她嗎？
－Yes.I gave it to her the moment I saw her.
——當然，我一見到她就把錢給她了。
(2)I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.
第一次見到她，我就認為她人品好，很誠實。
3．before的慣用句型。
It be＋time＋before...要過多久才……
It be＋not＋time before...不要多久就……
當before引導的從句著重強調從句動作來不及發生時，全句譯為「來不及……就」或「不等……就」。
(1)It was not long before I forgot it all.
沒過多久我就把這事全忘了。
(2)The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
沒等他衝進去救他的孩子，房頂就塌了。
4．where引導定語從句時，需跟在一個表示地點的名詞后；引導地點狀語從句時，跟在一個句子后，注意不要把它們混淆起來。如：
(1)After the war，a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre.
戰爭結束后，在以前的劇院那裡修建了一所新學校。
(2)You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.
你應該使其成為一個規定，把東西放在找得到的地方。
(3)After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
在巴黎住了五十年後，他回到了小時候在那裡長大的那個小鎮。
(1)、(2)中where引導的是地點狀語從句，where前是一個句子。(3)中的where前有地點名詞 small town，是一個定語從句。
5．no matter＋wh與whenever (無論……，不管……)。
no matter＋wh只可引導讓步狀語從句，whenever則既可引導讓步狀語從句，又能引導名詞性從句。當whenever引導讓步狀語從句時，可與no matter＋wh互換。如：
(1)We'll have to finish the job，however long it takes.
無論花多長時間，我們都必須完成工作。
(however long it takes是讓步狀語從句，相當於 no matter how long it takes)
(2)Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
無論誰幫助救了溺水的女孩都值得表揚。
(whoever引導主語從句，不能改成 no matter who)
6．because，since，as引導原因狀語從句。because語氣最強，表示直接的原因，是說話人認為對方不知道的原因，它引導的從句通常位於主句之後；在回答why時，或者在強調結構中，只能用because。since和as是對大家已知的事實提供理由或背景，它們引導的從句多位於主句前，有時也位於主句后。如：
(1)－Why are you so angry?
——你為什麼這麼生氣？
－Because it is the second time that John has cheated me.
——因為這是約翰第二次欺騙我了。
(2)Since you have known the truth，I won't say anything more about it.
既然你已經知道了真相，我也就不多說什麼了。
Ⅰ.按照句子結構的語法性和句子連貫的要求，在空白處填上適當的詞。
1．Sometimes hunger bit me so severely________I regarded dried sweet potato slices as delicious snack.
2．However，his fame was not accompanied by money and he found it necessary to return to farming.________this also proved unprofitable，he entered government service in 1789.
3．They put on protective suits and gloves________they entered the building.
4．The manager knew Tony worked very hard these years.So he said，「Thank you，but I have a request.I hope you'll do one more thing for our company ________you leave.Perhaps you'll change your mind.」
5． I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
6.She never stopped working for the mountain children________she died in 1942.
7．However，when I had to go back________I forgot my book，I noticed she had just finished picking them up by herself.
8．And if you have a good appearance and also original or expensive clothes to show off at your concerts，then your voice is not________important as it should be.
9．Everything was placed exactly ________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
10．Ma Wendi is used to curious glances________ she walks six dogs at the same time.
11．Sometimes I want to go out for a meal or shopping，but I can't do so________I worry about them.
12．I asked my classmates about her interests______I made my final decision.
13．I don't believe we've met before, ________ I must say you do look familiar.
14．Hot ________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
15．All the photographs in this book, ________ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
16．He smiled politely ________ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
17．A number of high buildings have arisen ________ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
18．—Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can't ________ you haven't recovered from the knee injury.
19．This restaurant wasn't half as good ________ the restaurant we went to.
20．I had hardly got to the office ________ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
Ⅱ.閱讀下列短文，在空格處填入恰當的關聯詞。
My classmate Michael studied very hard 1.________ he went to senior school. Every day he worked 2.________ everyone else in my class left the classroom. He said he wouldn't stop trying 3.________ he got satisfying scores in his studies. Hard 4.________ he tried, he made little progress, but he didn't lose heart at all 5.________ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day. 6.________ time went by, he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last. We had a gettogether party 7.________ we started our new life in university. Everyone had got offers from universities, 8.________ we had a very good time. When we stood 9.________ we used to play and study, we couldn't help thinking of our happy old days. We believed we would never forget each other, 10.________ we would go or whatever we would do.
Ⅲ.下列每句都有一個錯誤，請改正。
1．He had no sooner entered the hall when it began to rain heavily.
2．You won't succeed in anything if you work hard.
3．Tom didn't pass the exam, because he was very sad.
4．Please put the book back as it was just now.
5．He worked such hard that everybody said he was a model worker.
6．Poor because he was, he never lost heart and he tried hard to live a happy life.
7．Although he was ill, but he still kept on working in the field.
8．Till he was 20, he never left his hometown.
9．I got up early so I caught the flight and I arrived in Paris before 5.
10．It was a pity that the roof fell after he ran out of the house.
答案：
Ⅰ.1.that2.When3.before4.before5.While
6．until/before7.because8.as/so9.where
10．when11.because12.before13.although
14．as15.unless16.as17.where18.because19.as20.when
Ⅱ.1.after2.until3.unless4.as/though5.because/as6.As7.before8.so9.where10.wherever
Ⅲ.1.when→than2.if→unless3.because→so4.as→where5.such→so6.because→as7. 8.Till→until9.so→so that10.after→before
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