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謝孟媛初級文法Unit5 時態    講義P68 時態=>動詞隨時間改變型態 內容目錄 1. 現在(簡單)式 2. 過去(簡單)式 3. 現在進行式 4. 過去進行式 5. 未來式 Will(將要) + 原形動詞 Will you~? =>表示請求或邀約 1. 現在(簡單)式 動詞形式: (1) be動詞: am/are/is，表示狀態和存在。 (2) 一般動詞: 動作，主詞為第三人稱單數，動詞要加s。 時間副詞: now(現在)、every + 時間(每天~) 使用時機: 表示現在的狀態或動作。 (例1) There are many visitors in the zoo. (例2) Here comes the bus. 表示現在習慣性的動作。 -+ -+ (例1) David often sleeps during class. (例2) My parents take(do) exercise in the park every morning. *math exercises 數學習題 *play sports 表示不變的事實、真理。 (例1) The earth moves around the sun. 2. 過去(簡單)式 動詞形式: (1) be動詞: was/were，表示過去狀態和存在。 (2) 一般動詞: 過去式動詞不分人稱。 時間副詞: yesterday (morning/afternoon/evening), the day before yesterday, last + 時間, 時間 + ago (~前), before (以前), then (at that time 那時)。 使用時機: 表示過去的動作或狀態 -+ -+ (例1) I bought this yesterday. (buy-bought) (例2) There was an old temple over there. 表示過去習慣性的動作 *Used to + 原形動詞 (例1) My father used to smoke, but now he doesn’t. 3. 現在進行式 動詞形式: =>be動詞(am/are/is) + Ving. 現在分詞(Ving)的形成: 現在分詞不代表現在式, 只代表動作在進行中。 Δ原形動詞 + ing => 大部分動詞 (例) Talk -> talking / say -> saying / speak -> speaking. Δ原形動詞字尾有e，去e + ing (例) have -> having / write -> writing / come -> coming. Δ原形動詞為子音 + 短母音 + 子音 => 重複字尾 + ing. (例) put -> putting / cut -> cutting / swim -> swimming (例1) We are eating breakfast now. *lunch午餐；brunch 早午餐 比較： 1.We ate breakfast before going to school. 2.We eat breakfast every morning. 時間副詞: now. 使用時機: 表示現在正在進行中的動作 (例1) John is watching the baseball game on TV now. 第9課 講義P73 Δ表示重覆發生的動作，常伴隨always, all the time, again and again等. (例1) He is always complaining. (about + 受詞) (例2) The car is breaking down all the time. Δ表示最近的未來即將發生的動作，此法常用於某些動詞。 如: come, go, start, leave, arrive…等 (來去動詞) (例1) I’m leaving for Kenting tomorrow. (leave是離開, leave for是前往) (例2) My boyfriend is coming to see me this afternoon. 注意: 某些動詞不可用於進行式中 Δ表示"感官"的動詞 => see, hear, smell(聞)…等 Δ表示"情感"的動詞 => love, like…等 (*標語除外) 其他 => have, know…等 (持續性動作不能用於進行式) (例1) I’m seeing the bird in the tree. (X) (例2) I’m looking at the bird in the tree. (O) *(looking at 注視) 4. 過去進行式 動詞形式: **過去式be動詞(was/were) + Ving(現在分詞). **(例1) He was playing frisbee in the park then. 時間副詞: now, always, all the time, again and again. 使用時機: Δ表示過去某一時間點正在進行中的動作. -+ -+ (例1) We were playing chess at eight yesterday evening. 比較: We played chess yesterday. (例2) Lily was taking a bath when the doorbell rang. (bath是盆浴，take a shower 淋浴) Δ表示過去時間某一期限中反覆性的動作. (例1) Whenever I visited him, he was watching TV. (例2) In those days, we were getting up at six clock. 5. 未來式 用來表示發生於未來的動詞或狀態 **be going to + 原形動詞 =>將要 be going to 的含意: 表示用於實現性非常高的事，或事先計畫好的未來，強調計劃性**。 時間副詞: tomorrow (morning/afternoon/evening), the day after tomorrow =>後天，next + 時間(week/year)=>下~, in + 時間(a few days/a week).=>在~當中 (例1) I’m going to visit my uncle tomorrow. (例2) I have to buy the ladder because I’m going to paint the house. (例3) I don’t feel good; I’m afraid I’m going to be sick. (例4) Are they going to have a party on Christmas Eve? Will(將要) + 原形動詞 (例1) We will leave junior high school soon. ​ =We are going to leave junior high school soon. ​ =We are leaving junior high school soon. (例2) I will be fifteen years old next year. (=>年齡不須事先計畫，不能用am going to) (例3) A：I can’t move the large box. ​ B：I will do it for you. (沒有計畫性的，不能用be going to) (例4) I will not change my mind.(n.心智) ​ = I'll not change my mind. ​ = I won,t change my mind. *soon 不久之後 Will you~? =>表示請求或邀約 表請求 (例1) Will you look after the baby for me? -> Sure. -> I’m sorry, but I can’t 表邀約 (例1) Will you have another coffee? -> Yes, please. -> No, thank you. *take care of 照顧 分享此文： Twitter Facebook 相關 初級文法英語語言謝孟媛