Zi 字媒體

謝孟媛初級文法II Unit4 分詞    第20課 講義初級文法II P40 內容目錄 分詞 現在分詞(Ving) 過去分詞(p.p.) 現在分詞的形容詞用法 過去分詞的形容詞用法 名詞+[現在分詞+修飾語句] 名詞+過去分詞+修飾語句 分詞 現在分詞(Ving) 現在分詞不代表現在式 *現在進行式 => am/are/is +Ving(現在分詞) *過去進行式 => was/were +Ving(現在分詞) 表"動作進行" (例) The girl is talking with Joe. 表"主動" (例) The girl [having long hair] is Mary. *having long hair 形容girl 形容詞修飾名詞 過去分詞(p.p.) 過去分詞不代表過去式 規則變化 (例) walk-walked-walked 不規則變化 (例) bite-bit-bitten *現在完成式 => have/has p.p. *過去完成式 => had p.p. 表"動作完成" (例) David has just used the pen. 表"被動" (例1) This is the pen [used by David]. (*時態看動詞 is=>現在式，[used by David] 修飾 pen) (例2) The pen was used by David. ( *時態看動詞 was=>過去式) 現在分詞的形容詞用法 形容詞修飾名詞 (一個字)現在分詞+名詞 (例1) Don't wake the sleeping baby. (例2) The rising sun is very beautiful. 名詞+[現在分詞+修飾語 ] =>後位修飾 (例1) I saw a man [working in the garden].(在花園工作) (例2) I saw a girl [playing the paino on the stage].(在舞台上彈鋼琴) (例3) I saw a child [sleeping on the grass].(睡在草地上) *play the 樂器 *play 運動 過去分詞的形容詞用法 (一個字)過去分詞+名詞 (例1) I found the lost pen. I found the pen [lost by Tom]. (例2) She bought a used car.(二手車 second car) I bought that car [used by Tom] 第21課 講義初級文法II P43 (注意) 過去分詞的形容詞用法代表兩種含義 表"被動" a spoken language (說的語言) a decayed tooth (蛀牙)(*teeth 牙齒) a wounded soldier (受傷的士兵) a boiled egg (煮熟的蛋) *boiled water 開水，boiling water 沸騰的水 表"完成" fallen leaves(已經掉落的葉子) the risen sun a faded flower a retired teacher (*falling leaves正在掉落的葉子) 名詞+[過去分詞+修飾語] (例1) This is a picture painted about 200 years ago. (例2) We have some story books written in easy English. 名詞+[現在分詞+修飾語句] a.當主詞 (例1) The woman sitting in the middle is Bob's monther. (例2) Some of the people waiting for the bus became angry. b.當受詞 (例1) I know the boy running in the park. (例2) Do have you any friends living in Japan? c.當補語 (例1) The subway is the railway running under the ground. (例2) A nurse is a person taking care of sick people. 名詞+過去分詞+修飾語句 a.當主詞 (例1) The language spoken in America is English. 第22課 講義初級文法II P46 b.當受詞 (例1) I look at a lot of pictures taken in Kenting. c.當補語 (例1) This is a dress made for her. 比較:形容詞用法的現在分詞及過去分詞 現在分詞當形容詞用，表a.動作進行 b.主動 過去分詞當形容詞用，表a.動作完成 b.被動 (例1) The girl drawing the picture is my sister. (例2) The picture drawn by my sister is nice. 分詞的其他用法 (1) S+V+現在分詞 => 現在分詞可直接放在動詞後當補語使用 a. keep+ 現在分詞：表"動作的持續或重覆" (例1) He kept standing for thress hours. (例2) The dog kept barking all night. (*叫~某人名字 call，叫~某人做事 have) b.come(stand, sit, lie...)+現在分詞 ：現在分詞可做為表靜止或運動的動詞之補語，表示兩個動作同時進行。 (例1) The children came running to meet us. (例2) Jack stood looking at the monkeys. (2) S+V+O+現在分詞 => 現在分詞可作為感官動詞(hear, see, feel, keep, leave)等動詞的受詞補語。 文法名稱代表用法 (例1) I saw her crossing the road.(我看見她正在穿越馬路) I saw her cross the road.(我看見她過了馬路)(*看見整個過程) (例2) Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain. (3) S+V+O+過去分詞 => 現在分詞可作為make, have, see, hear, feel, want, wish, would like...等動詞的受詞補語 *使役動詞 make(使), have(叫~某人做事) (例1) I could not make myself understood in English.(我的英文別人聽不懂) (例2) She heard her name called.(她聽到有人叫她的名字) (例3) I had my hair cut.(我剪頭髮了) (比較)動名詞及現在分詞 Ving，但功用不同 動名詞：動名詞是一個動詞，在使用時具有名詞的特性，可當主詞、受詞、補語。 現在分詞：進行式為be動詞+現在分詞，表一個動作正在進行。另外現在分詞也有形容詞的功用，可修飾名詞或當有些動詞的受詞補語 (例1) Tom's hobby is painting.(動名詞) (例2) Tom is painting.(現在分詞) 用正在兩個字來判斷 分享此文： Twitter Facebook 相關 初級文法英語語言謝孟媛