謝孟媛初級文法II Unit3 動名詞 - Retire Note

謝孟媛初級文法II Unit3 動名詞

  

第17課 講義初級文法II P28

動名詞

• 動名詞(Ving): 只能當名詞

  名詞作用 => 當主詞、受詞、補語

• 不定詞(to V.): 名詞、 形容詞、副詞都有可能

  名詞 => 當主詞、受詞、補語
  形容詞 => 修飾名詞
  副詞 => 修飾動詞、 形容詞、副詞

• *比較

  祈使句 Do it right now.(省略You，祈使句用原形動詞開頭)
  直述句 To do it right now is important.

  =Doing it right now is important.

  (例1) Sleeping 8 hours a day is good for your health.

  (=>主詞需要有名詞的特性)

  =To sleep 8 hours a day is good for your health.

  =It is good for your health to sleep 8 hours a day.

  (=> 還原假主詞it用不定詞to V)

  (例2) Swimming at the beach is a lot of fun.

  =To swim at the beach is a lot of fun.

  =It is a lot of fun to swim at the beach.

  *事 be fun

• (注意) It’s no use 用Ving來還原
  It is no use crying over the spilt milk.(覆水難收)

動名詞當受詞：放一般動詞或介系詞後

• 當一般動詞的受詞

  (例1) You have to give up smoking. (give up(戒) + Ving)

  (例2) I like watching basketball game on TV.

• (注意) 1.下列動詞後接Ving或to V當受詞，意義不變: like, love, hate, start, begin…等

  (例1) They began dancing faster and faster.

  =They began to dance faster and faster.

• (注意) 2.下列動詞後接Ving或to V當受詞， 意義改變: stop, remember, forget, try…等。

  to V(未做)

  Ving(已做)
  (例1) The man stopped talking.
  The man stopped to talk to a newsboy.
  (例2) I’m tired. I have to stop working.
  I’m tired. I have to stop to take a rest.

第18課 講義初級文法II P31

• **Remember

  **(例2) She remembered meeting him somewhere.(已見過)
  She remembered to meet him at the station.(尚未見過)
  Remember to preview your lesson before class and (remember to) review your lesson after class.

  (=> 祈使句代表還沒做，用不定詞。)

• Forget

  (例3) Lucy forgot sending me a card. (寄過)
  Lucy forgot to send me a card. => (未寄過)
  Don’t forget to send me a card on Christmas.

• Try
  (例4) Try to solve the problem before ten o’clock. (設法)
  Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at front door. (嘗試)

• 下列動詞之後只能接Ving：

  mind, enjoy, finish, practice, miss, quit, understand, avoid, give up, can’t help, can’t stand, It’s no use, It’s no good.
  (例1) Would you mind waiting for me?
  Would you mind if I sit next to you?
  *I made up my mind to wait for her.

  *mind (v.)介意、 (n.)心智(decide= make up my mind，只能加to V.)
  (例2) These students practice speaking English everyday.
  (例3) I can’t help laughing at him.

  *laugh at 人

• 當介系詞的受詞，介系詞之後必接Ving.

  (例1) He is interested in playing hide-and-seek.(*You'll be it.你當鬼)
  (例2) We’re thinking about buying a washing machine.

動名詞當補語=>動名詞可位於be動詞後當補語

• (例1) My work is washing cars.(事實，已知)
  *My work is to wash cars. (計畫性)
  (例2) One of my hobbies is collecting stamps.

  (=>集郵，嗜好已經開始只能用動名詞)

第19課 講義初級文法II P33

(注意) 在其他句型中的Ving

• go Ving / go N Ving => 去從事~休閒活動

  N前面不加冠詞the，後面不加s/es.

  (例) Go golfing. Go fishing. Go hunting. Go bowling. Go skating. Go swimming. Go hiking. Go shopping. Go sailing. Go picnicing.
  Go mountain climbing. Go bike riding. Go window shopping. Go bird watching.

  *climb a mountain，ride a bike

• do a lot of / a little Ving => 做~正事

  (例1) I am busy, but I still do a little painting.
  (例2) Do you have to do a lot of traveling in your work?

• be busy, have trouble, have fun… (in) Ving

  (例1) My mom was busy (in) cooking dinner.

  (例2) I had trouble finding out the answer to the question.

• There is no Ving ~ (~是沒有辦法做到的)

  (例1) There is no telling what will happen next.
  (例2) There is no knowing who did it.

練習

• I remember seeing Mr. Smith in my office before.
• I’ll remember to see Mr. Smith tomorrow.
• Would you mind going to London on business?
• Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.
• I can’t help feeling worried about his health.
• I apologize for not keeping my promise.