謝孟媛初級文法Unit6 WH問句、祈使句、感嘆句 - Retire Note

謝孟媛初級文法Unit6 WH問句、祈使句、感嘆句

  

1. WH問句:

第10課 講義P84

疑問詞(wh以及how)為首的疑問句稱為WH問句。

• 不可以回答yes/no。
• 疑問詞擺在字首。(間接問句才可以放中間)

• 疑問詞:
  疑問代名詞: what, who, which, whose
  疑問副詞: when, where, why, how
  疑問形容詞: what , whose, which (+名詞)

疑問代名詞的用法

• Δ疑問詞當主詞

  句型: 疑問詞 + 動詞 ~? => *疑問詞當主詞視為單數, 其後接單數動詞(狀況不明視為單數)
  (例1) Who is cooking in the kitchen? Kate and Mary are.
  (例2) What is there under your bed?

• Δ疑問詞當補語

  句型: 疑問詞 + be動詞 + 主詞?
  (例1) Whose are these toys?
  (例2) Who is that tall boy?

• Δ疑問詞當受詞

  句型: 疑問詞 + 助動詞 + 主詞 +原形動詞?
  (例1) Which do you want to take?

疑問副詞的用法

• 句型: 疑問詞 + be動詞 + 主詞?

  ​ 疑問詞 + 助動詞 + 主詞 + 原形動詞?

  (例1) When are you leaving America?
  (例2) Where do you come from? Where are you from?
  (例3) Why is he absent?(缺席)
  (例4) How did you come here?(問來的方法)

疑問形容詞的用法

• 句型: 疑問詞 + 名詞 + be動詞 + 主詞 ?

  ​ 疑問詞 + 名詞 + 助動詞 + 主詞 + 原形動詞 ?

  (例1) Which one do you like best?(最喜歡)
  (例2) Whose house is this? =whose is this house?

What 及 How 的疑問句

• What + 名詞
  How + 形容詞 (副+形)
  (例1) What time is it? It’s eight-ten.
  (例2) What day is it? It’s Sunday.
  (例3) What date is it? It’s October 10.
  (例4) What’s the weather like today? It’s cold. (=>How’s the weather today?)
  (例5) How old will you be next year? I’ll be ten. (副+形=> How是副詞, 後面加形容詞，如：very good)
  (例6) How tall are you? I’m 160 centimeters tall.

  ​ I’m five feet three inches tall. (我5呎3吋高)

  (例7) How high is Mt. Everest(聖母峰)? It’s 8848 meters high.
  (例8) How many cups of coffee do you drink? (幾杯咖啡=> cups of coffee可數，用many)
  (例9) How much coffee do you drink? (咖啡=> coffee不可數，用much)
  (例10) How long will you stay in Taipei? For two weeks.
  (例11) How long is the rope(繩子)? It’s two meters long.
  (例12) How often do you play tennis? Once a month.(一個月一次)
  (例13) How far is it from here to the post office(郵局)? It’s about ten minutes' walk.(走路大約十分鐘)

2. 祈使句

表示"希望、請求、命令"的句子，(1)省略掉主詞You，(2)用原形動詞

直述句：You stand up.(你站起來了) -> 祈使句：Stand up.

• 一般祈使句: 原形動詞~
  否定祈使句: Don’t/Never + 原形動詞~
  邀請祈使句: Let’s + 原形動詞~
  (例1) Be quiet, please. = Please be quiet.
  (例2) Please stop talking and listen to me.
  =>Will you please stop talking and listen to me?
  (例3) Don’t drink before you drive.
  (例4) Never make the same mistake again.
  (例5) Let’s go for a walk.

  -> Yes, let's.

  -> No let’s not.

• 比較:
  Let’s play outside. => 表示"提議"，說話的人+聽話的人一起去
  Let us play outside. => 表示"請求"=>讓我們

3. 感嘆句

• What(形容詞) a/an + 形容詞 + 名詞 + (主詞 + 動詞)!

• How(副詞) + 形容詞/副詞 + (主詞 + 動詞)!

• (例1) What a beautiful dress (this is)!
  =>How beautiful this dress is!
  (例2) How interesting this novel is!
  =>What an interesting novel this is!
  (例3) How fast he runs!

  (例4) What a day.(多棒(壞)的一天呀!)

• 比較:
  直述句: You are a very good girl.
  祈使句: Be a good girl.
  感嘆句: What a good girl (you are)!

背英文句子，不要背中文句型說明