謝孟媛初級文法II Unit4 分詞 - Retire Note

謝孟媛初級文法II Unit4 分詞

  

第20課 講義初級文法II P40

分詞

現在分詞(Ving)

現在分詞不代表現在式

*現在進行式 => am/are/is +Ving(現在分詞)

*過去進行式 => was/were +Ving(現在分詞)

• 表"動作進行"

  (例) The girl is talking with Joe.

• 表"主動"

  (例) The girl [having long hair] is Mary.

  *having long hair 形容girl 形容詞修飾名詞

過去分詞(p.p.)

過去分詞不代表過去式

規則變化

(例) walk-walked-walked

不規則變化

(例) bite-bit-bitten

*現在完成式 => have/has p.p.

*過去完成式 => had p.p.

• 表"動作完成"

  (例) David has just used the pen.

• 表"被動"

  (例1) This is the pen [used by David].

  (*時態看動詞 is=>現在式，[used by David] 修飾 pen)

  (例2) The pen was used by David.

  ( *時態看動詞 was=>過去式)

現在分詞的形容詞用法

形容詞修飾名詞

(一個字)現在分詞+名詞

(例1) Don't wake the sleeping baby.

(例2) The rising sun is very beautiful.

名詞+[現在分詞+修飾語 ] =>後位修飾

(例1) I saw a man [working in the garden].(在花園工作)

(例2) I saw a girl [playing the paino on the stage].(在舞台上彈鋼琴)

(例3) I saw a child [sleeping on the grass].(睡在草地上)

*play the 樂器

*play 運動

過去分詞的形容詞用法

(一個字)過去分詞+名詞

(例1) I found the lost pen.

I found the pen [lost by Tom].

(例2) She bought a used car.(二手車 second car)

I bought that car [used by Tom]

第21課 講義初級文法II P43

(注意) 過去分詞的形容詞用法代表兩種含義

• 表"被動"

  • a spoken language (說的語言)
  • a decayed tooth (蛀牙)(*teeth 牙齒)
  • a wounded soldier (受傷的士兵)
  • a boiled egg (煮熟的蛋)

  *boiled water 開水，boiling water 沸騰的水

• 表"完成"

  • fallen leaves(已經掉落的葉子)
  • the risen sun
  • a faded flower
  • a retired teacher

  (*falling leaves正在掉落的葉子)

名詞+[過去分詞+修飾語]

(例1) This is a picture painted about 200 years ago.

(例2) We have some story books written in easy English.

名詞+[現在分詞+修飾語句]

a.當主詞

(例1) The woman sitting in the middle is Bob's monther.

(例2) Some of the people waiting for the bus became angry.

b.當受詞

(例1) I know the boy running in the park.

(例2) Do have you any friends living in Japan?

c.當補語

(例1) The subway is the railway running under the ground.

(例2) A nurse is a person taking care of sick people.

名詞+過去分詞+修飾語句

a.當主詞

(例1) The language spoken in America is English.

第22課 講義初級文法II P46

b.當受詞

(例1) I look at a lot of pictures taken in Kenting.

c.當補語

(例1) This is a dress made for her.

比較:形容詞用法的現在分詞及過去分詞

• 現在分詞當形容詞用，表a.動作進行 b.主動

• 過去分詞當形容詞用，表a.動作完成 b.被動

(例1) The girl drawing the picture is my sister.

(例2) The picture drawn by my sister is nice.

分詞的其他用法

(1) S+V+現在分詞 => 現在分詞可直接放在動詞後當補語使用

a. keep+ 現在分詞：表"動作的持續或重覆"

(例1) He kept standing for thress hours.

(例2) The dog kept barking all night.

(*叫~某人名字 call，叫~某人做事 have)

b.come(stand, sit, lie...)+現在分詞 ：現在分詞可做為表靜止或運動的動詞之補語，表示兩個動作同時進行。

(例1) The children came running to meet us.

(例2) Jack stood looking at the monkeys.

(2) S+V+O+現在分詞 => 現在分詞可作為感官動詞(hear, see, feel, keep, leave)等動詞的受詞補語。

文法名稱代表用法

(例1) I saw her crossing the road.(我看見她正在穿越馬路)

I saw her cross the road.(我看見她過了馬路)(*看見整個過程)

(例2) Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.

(3) S+V+O+過去分詞 => 現在分詞可作為make, have, see, hear, feel, want, wish, would like...等動詞的受詞補語

*使役動詞 make(使), have(叫~某人做事)

(例1) I could not make myself understood in English.(我的英文別人聽不懂)

(例2) She heard her name called.(她聽到有人叫她的名字)

(例3) I had my hair cut.(我剪頭髮了)

(比較)動名詞及現在分詞

Ving，但功用不同

動名詞：動名詞是一個動詞，在使用時具有名詞的特性，可當主詞、受詞、補語。

現在分詞：進行式為be動詞+現在分詞，表一個動作正在進行。另外現在分詞也有形容詞的功用，可修飾名詞或當有些動詞的受詞補語

(例1) Tom's hobby is painting.(動名詞)

(例2) Tom is painting.(現在分詞)

用正在兩個字來判斷