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北外網課帶你玩轉英語六級 詳解定語從句

在英語六級考試中,無論哪種題型,定語從句都是一個常常涉及到的考點,在考試中至關重要。今天,北外網課(北京外國語大學網路課堂)老師就整理了英語六級中定語從句的主要知識點,供大家參考。

限制和非限制性定語從句:限制性定語從句是名詞片語不可缺少的一個組成部分,去掉了會造成病句或意義不明確;非限制性定語從句屬於補充說明性質,去掉了不會影響主要意義,通常用逗號與它的先行詞分開.

The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when itrained.

The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when itrained.

如果定語從句的先行詞是專有名詞,或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞(my, his, etc)或形容詞性指示代詞(this, that, etc)作限定詞,其後的定語從句通常都是非限制性的:

Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.

Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.

All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, areto be used by the postgraduates.

在非限制性定語從句中只能用who/whom指人,用which指物,通常不用that替代.

All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the littlegirl.

My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.

定語從句的引導詞

that, who, whom:非限制性定語從句,如果修飾人,一般用who,有時用that (作主語時用who較多).如果關係代詞在從句中作賓語,就應當用賓格whom或that,但在大多數情況下都可以省略掉,在口語中可用who代替whom.

There are some people here who I want you to meet.

The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.

Here is the man (whom) you』ve been looking for.

He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.

但在介詞后只能用whom:

This is the man to whom I referred.

但在口語中一般都把介詞放到句子後面去,這時可用that,但省略時更多一些.

The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.

The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.

Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about

Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?

限制性定語從句如果修飾「物」,用關係代詞that的時候較多,也有時用which..當這個代詞在從句中是用作賓語時,在絕大多數情況下都是省略的,特別是口語中(尤其是當被修飾的詞是all, everything等詞時):

All you have to do is to press the button.

Have you everything you need?

(Is there) anything I can do for you?

在介詞后只能用which,在口語中一般都把介詞放到從句後部去,這時可以用that,但省略的時候更多一些:

This is the question about which we』ve had so much discussion.

This is the question (that) we』ve had so much discussion about.

The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.

The tool (that) he is working with is called a wrench.

定語從句一般是修飾名詞或代詞的,但間或也可以修飾整個句子a),或是句子的一部分b),引導詞用which:

When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forgetall about eating and sleeping.

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldomwas.

The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted

They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind ofthem.

whose:在表示「...的」這個概念時,可用所有格whose; whose用於指物,有時可與of which交替使用,通常的詞序是名詞片語+ of which:

Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast?

He』s written a book the name of which I』ve completely forgotten.(…whose name I』ve…)

We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear. (…the purposeof which was…)

of which前的名詞片語也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基數詞擔任;這些詞也能用在ofwhom之前.

It』s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by anangry crowd.

關於更多英語六級的學習技巧,北外網課也攜優質全明星教師團隊,打造了一系列精品網路課程,給你最實用的考研英語備考經驗及最高效的提分技巧,詳情點擊:http://www.beiwaiclass.com/got?2EjiYz。



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