2018中考英語易錯知識點專練：簡單句（含答案和解析）

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簡單句的基本句型各有特色。例如:反意疑問句由「陳述句+簡單問句」構成;感嘆句由what或how引導;祈使句由動詞原形開頭等。考生要熟記簡單句的各種句型,積累一些經典句型。根據句型特點解答有關試題。

1

易錯知識點清單

一. 陳述句的否定結構

1. 含有have的否定句

(1) have當「擁有,所有」講時,其否定形式有兩種。如:

I have an e-dictionary.我有一個電子詞典。

可改為:I don't have an e-dictionary. (√)

I have not an e-dictionary. (√)

(2) have作「吃、喝、玩、度過」講時,其否定形式藉助於助動詞do。如:

I had milk for breakfast this morning. (變否定句) →I didn't have milk for breakfast this morning.

(3) have為助動詞時,其否定形式為haven't。如:

I have visited Diaoyu Island. (變否定句) →I haven't visited Diaoyu Island.

2. 注意以下幾種情況:

(1) 含有all, both, each, every, both...and...等的肯定句加not變為否定句后,只表示部分否定;若表示全部否定,則需分別用no, no one, nobody, none, neither, neither...nor...等詞替換上述詞。如:

Both Mary and Joan are students

→Neither Mary nor Joan is a student.

(2) 含有already (已經),too (也)的肯定句加not變為否定句時,要分別把already和too改為yet和either。如:

He has already seen the movie. (變為否定句) →He hasn't seen the movie yet.

I want to go for a picnic, too. (變否定句) →I don't want to go for a picnic,either.

(3) 含有almost, many, much, often等詞的肯定句可直接用never (hardly),few, little, seldom變為否定句,而不用加not。如:

He always stays up late in the evening. (變為否定句) →He never (hardly) stays up late in the evening.

There is much food in the fridge. (變為否定句)→There is little food in the fridge.

3. 當主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose等時,若要否定賓語從句,應注意否定轉移現象。

I think you are right.我認為你是對的。

I don't think you are right.我認為你不對。

二. 對一般疑問句的回答

一般情況下,含有情態動詞的一般疑問句,回答時應用與問句相同的詞,但有時也用其他情態動詞來回答。

用情態動詞may提問時,否定回答用mustn't, can't, may not。如:

—May I smoke here?——我可以在這兒吸煙嗎?

—Yes, you may. ——是的,可以。

—No, you mustn't. ——不,絕對不可以。

—No, you can't. ——不,不可以。

2

提分策略

【例】(2014·福建福州·32)—foggy day!

—Something must be done to solve the haze problem.

A. HowB. WhatC. What a

【解析】本題考查感嘆句的用法。因為這裡是形容詞foggy後面加單數名詞day,用what來引導。所以選C。

【答案】C

【例】(2014·江蘇蘇州·2)—do you go to the sports club?

—At least once a week.

A. How long B. How often

C. How much D. How far

【解析】本題考查疑問詞的用法。根據下句的回答「至少每周一次」,所以可知上句問的是動作發生的頻率,所以上句的疑問詞是how often。

【答案】B

3

專項訓練

1. (2014·內蒙古赤峰·37)—Have you heard of Zhang Lili? She was seriously hurt in an accident in order to save one of her students.

— good teacher!

A. How B. What

C. What a D. What an

2. (2014· 江蘇常州·28)—Millie hardly did the housework after she bought the robot, ?

—. She could relax and have time for her hobbies.

A. did she; Yes B. didn't she; No

C. didn't she; Yes D. did she; No

3. (2014·山東德州·20)He's still not understood by his close friend although he has said sorry to him, ?

A. hasn't he B. has he

C. isn't he D. is he

4. (2013·四川成都)— do you surf the Internet, Maria?

—Twice a week.

A. How long B. How often C. How soon

5. (2013·四川綿陽)—Don't smoke in the reading room, ?

—I'm sorry. I won't do it again.

A. will you B. shall we C. do you

6. (2013·湖南長沙)— do you think of the film?

—Very interesting.

A. What B. Who C. How

7. (2013·天津)— nice dress it is!

—Thank you!

A. What a B. What C. HowD. How a

8. (2013·河北)— is the dictionary?

—It's $22. 95.

A. How old B. How long

C. How thick D. How much

【答案與解析】

1. C解析:考查感嘆句的用法。句中的名詞是單數形式,感嘆句應該用what a來引導。故選C。

2. A解析:考查反意疑問句的用法。疑問句的陳述部分含否定意義,疑問部分應該用肯定結構,所以排除B、C兩項。由應答句後面一句判斷,該疑問句應該作肯定回答。故選A。

3. D解析:考查反意疑問句的用法。該句是讓步狀語從句,主句是一般現在時態的被動語態,反意問句應該與主句一致,故選D。

4. B解析:考查疑問副詞的用法。how long詢問(延續)多長時間,回答用for...或since...引導的時間狀語;how often多久一次,詢問動作的頻率,多長時間;how soon 詢問還要多久才……,一般用於將來時,回答用in +一段時間。

5. A解析:考查反意疑問句。句子的陳述部分是祈使句,祈使句的反意疑問句的疑問部分是will you?故選A。

6. A解析:考查特殊疑問詞的用法。根據對話中的答語「很有趣」可知,提問的是對事物的看法,用句型「What do you think of...?」。故選A。

7. A解析:考查感嘆句的用法。nice dress為可數名詞短語,前用what,可數名詞短語前面要用冠詞a/an,故選A。

8. D解析:考查疑問副詞的用法。how old詢問多大歲數,how long詢問多長時間,how thick詢問多厚,how much詢問多少錢。此題的答語是價錢,故選D。

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