梅蘭妮·特朗普白宮肖像照惹爭議 誰是最美美國第一夫人？

白宮日前正式發布新晉美國「第一夫人」梅蘭妮•川普的白宮肖像照。然而，這幅圖像卻因主角「露富」、「過度修圖」引發爭議。模特出身的梅蘭妮容貌身材出眾，但是她是你心中最美的美國第一夫人嗎？

The White House released its official photograph of first lady Melania Trump, where she displays the diamond ring President Donald Trump bought her for their 10th anniversary.白宮日前公布了第一夫人梅蘭妮•川普的官方肖像照，照片中梅蘭妮展示了川普總統送給她的結婚10周年紀念鑽戒。

The image shows the first lady standing inside the White House residence, wearing a black jacket and black scarf.在這張照片中，梅蘭妮站在白宮官邸內，身穿黑色外套，系著黑色圍巾。

"I am honoured to serve in the role of First Lady, and look forward to working on behalf of the American people over the coming years," Mrs Trump said.梅蘭妮表示：「我很榮幸能夠成為第一夫人，並期待在未來幾年為美國人民服務。」

作為新任第一夫人，又是模特出身，梅蘭妮的肖像照免不了要被拿來和之前的第一夫人們作比較。

米歇爾•歐巴馬的肖像照富有親和力，被認為是一次成功的形象營銷。但是，這照片當時也引發了一些爭議，原因竟是她露出了手臂。

勞拉•布希坐在椅子上，笑得溫柔迷人，身後的鮮花象徵著女性之美。

希拉里•柯林頓眼神堅定，笑容自信，看起來很有總統的樣子。

南茜•里根的官方肖像照應該是最時髦的了，她身穿古琦襯衫，搭配前衛的中長款高腰紅裙，雙手垂握在身前，態度謙和友善。

經過一番對比，不少媒體和網友認為梅蘭妮的照片過於「做作」，修圖過頭，臉部用太多柔焦，霧茫茫的窗戶背景更是老派。

英國《衛報》吐槽道：The first lady's crossed arms and assertive stance are pure X Factor judge circa 2007. The use of soft focus is even weirder.這位第一夫人交叉的雙臂和自信的站姿讓她看起來像是2007年左右播出的《X因素》節目中的評委。柔焦的運用更是詭異。

《Cosmopolitan》雜誌則認為梅蘭妮的照片磨皮過頭：Mrs. Trump's face "appeared to be heavily airbrushed." "This soft lighting is like only the classiest '90s mall glamour shot photo could offer!"梅蘭妮的面部「似乎被狠狠磨過皮。」「這種柔光效果在上世紀90年代最高級的商場的美照上才會出現。」

《好萊塢報道》稱："Melania Trump's official White House portrait puts her 15-carat wedding ring front and center." 「梅蘭妮的白宮官方肖像照讓她的15克拉婚戒成為焦點。」

英國《每日快報》則直言：She was "flaunting an ENORMOUS diamond ring" and "chose to flaunt her wealth, power and status in her first official portrait as First Lady. "梅蘭妮在「炫耀她碩大的鑽戒」，她選擇在「首張第一夫人肖像照中炫耀自己的財富、權力和地位。」

法新社報道了人們對拍照背景的吐槽："While some commenters gushed that the first lady was 'beyond beautiful' and 'gorgeous,' others mocked the image as highly airbrushed and compared the gauzy background - a window in the White House residence - to 1990s school portrait settings."「有些人認為梅蘭妮非常『漂亮』、『迷人』，而有的人則嘲笑照片磨皮太狠，還將照片朦朧的背景——白宮官邸內的一扇窗戶與上世紀90年代的校園肖像照背景相提並論。」

網友評論：

Former Comedy Central "The Nightly Show" writer Sasha Stewart wrote on Twitter, "Anyone know why Melania Trump's portrait was taken in front of the Muppet Babies window?"喜劇中心頻道《每夜秀》節目的前編劇薩沙•斯圖爾特在推特上寫道：「有誰知道為什麼梅蘭妮的肖像照的取景是《布偶娃娃》中的窗戶？」

有網友惡搞梅蘭妮的照片，配文「她真美」。

還有人開始懷念起米歇爾，「我想念米歇爾，對於一個普通女性而言，這張照片看起來太失真了。讓人鬧心和噁心。」

「第一夫人獲得了Photoshop模糊工具的贊助。」

「她這次沒有模仿米歇爾·歐巴馬，但是抄襲一個未成年人的時尚風格也不行。」

梅蘭妮的肖像照也引起了一些專家的關注，他們對於照片背後的含義給出了自己的解讀。

Photographs like these matter, says Prof Cara A Finnegan from the communications department at the University of Illinois, because they can tell you how a person in power views themselves.伊利諾伊大學傳播系教授卡拉•A•芬尼根表示，這類照片非常重要，因為它們可以告訴你一個掌權者是如何看待自己的。

"Images of presidents are important because presidents think images of themselves are important," she says.芬尼根稱：「總統的形象之所以很重要，是因為總統認為這很重要。」

"Our expectations for these kinds of images are pretty high," she says.她說：「我們對這些圖片的期望非常高。」

"In some ways they (the White House) are doing what they can do with what they have, which is someone who is a model, who built a business on her fame and the way that she looks," says Prof Finnegan.芬尼根教授說：「在某種程度上，他們（白宮）已經竭盡所能了，他們面對的是一位以名氣和外貌為生的模特。」

"The abstractness of that background, where she's vaguely in the White House but you can't really tell, that to me mirrors her own situation.「對我而言，照片抽象的背景折射出梅蘭妮現在的處境。她好像身處白宮，但你也不太確定。」

For Prof Nicole Dahmen from the University of Oregon's School of Journalism and Communication, "Melania Trump's first official portrait embodies the excessive wealth and reality star celebrity of the Trump White House".對於俄勒岡大學新聞傳播學院教授妮科爾•達門而言，「梅蘭妮的首張官方肖像照代表著川普政府中存在的過度財富和真人秀明星人氣。」

She believes this photograph moves the administration "even further from the truth and substance of middle America".她認為這張照片讓美國政府「離美國中產階級的真相與現實更加遙遠」。

"The obvious airbrushing in the photo can also be seen as a parallel to the Trump administration's use of lies and 'alternative facts'," says Prof Dahmen.達門稱：「照片中明顯的修圖痕迹也可以被看作是川普政府編造的謊言和『假事實』。」

"The portrait is a construction of reality - not actual reality."「梅蘭妮的肖像照是建構的現實，而並不是真正的現實。」

The use of photo software also raises some issues for Prof Finnegan.芬尼根教授對修圖軟體的應用進行了探討。

"As a woman and as a feminist, I'm not excited about the norms of beauty that any of these sorts of images communicate, especially to young women and girls," she says.她說：「作為一名女性以及一名女權主義者，我不喜歡這類形象特別針對年輕女性所傳遞的關於美的規則。」

"Anxiety about airbrushing and the inevitable link to fake news, I get less worked up about because photography historically has always been involved in debates about what's real and what's fake.「我對修圖與假新聞的必然聯繫並不擔心，因為圍繞著攝影的真與假的辯論一直以來都存在。」

"If the argument is, 'Look how fake the Trumps are compared to the Obamas, because the Obamas photographs were so authentic,' that's where I get uncomfortable because there are ways to select and frame images, regardless of whether you airbrush them, that can be very inauthentic."「如果爭議是『快看，和歐巴馬夫婦相比川普夫婦是多麼虛偽，因為歐巴馬夫婦的照片是如此真實，』，那麼我會感到不安，因為選擇和設計形象的方式有很多種，無論你是否修圖，它們都可能是非常不真實的。」

英文來源：BBC、每日郵報、衛報等翻譯&編輯：董靜審校：丹妮