GMAT備考乾貨之倒裝結構|雷哥GMAT

GMAT備考路上，難免要遇上倒裝結構，然鵝，部分倒裝和全部倒裝分還是傻傻分不清楚？下面我們就來帶大家分析一下英語的倒裝的兩種結構：部分倒裝與全部倒裝。

1 、部分倒裝

部分倒裝就是把助動詞置於主語前。部分倒裝的形式有四種：

(1) 否定副詞（短語）位於句首

nor, hardly, in no way, little, scarcely, barely, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not, not only, no sooner, not only... (but also), not until... 等具有否定意義的詞或片語位於句首，句子用部分倒裝。

Barely does he have enough money to live on.

Not only did he complain about the food, but he also refuse to pay for it.

Neither did I know it, nor did I care about it.

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night.

Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently.

(2) 「Only+狀語或狀語從句」位於句首，句子用部分倒裝

Only in this way can you solve this problem.

Only after repeated failures did he realize the importance of cooperation with others.

Only in the case of the February Revolution do we lack a useful description of participants that might characterize it in the light of what social history has taught us about the process of revolutionary mobilization.

(3) so/such...that 結構中的so或such位於句首可以構成倒裝，表示強調so /such 和that之間的部分

So busy is he that he can not go for a holiday.

Such a wonderful job did he do that he won our respect.

(4) 虛擬語氣倒裝

虛擬語氣可採用部分倒裝結構：if引導的條件句省去if，再把should，had或were置於句首。

Should I win the lottery, I would buy a car.

正常語序: If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car.

Were he to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.

正常語序：If he were to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.

Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.

2 全部倒裝

全部倒裝就是將整個謂語動詞置於主語前面。那麼我們什麼時候知道出現了完全倒裝呢？當不能充當主語的成分位於句首，或者謂語前的成分不是能充當主語的成分，我們就可以判定出現了完全倒裝結構。此時，主語在謂語的後面。

可作主語的成分：

名詞：The baby is adorable.

代詞：He always keeps his promise.

The+形容詞：The young are mostly ambitious.

不定式：To study abroad is my greatest desire.

動名詞：Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.

主語從句：That he doesn』t study makes me angry.

當我們發現句首或謂語動詞前的成分不是這六種可以作主語的成分時，那麼主語就移到了謂語後面，這個句子是倒裝句。句子被倒裝的原因有兩個，一是主語被複雜地修飾之後變得太長，倒裝有利於句子的結構均衡，避免頭重腳輕；二是為了強調被倒裝的部分。

(1) Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.

句首是分詞短語deeply involved with this new technology不能作主語，真正的主語是a breed of modern businesspeople who...到句末。

(2) Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates, so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.

句首是形容詞短語Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish，謂語是is，真正的主語是eye placement。

(3) At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.

句首是at引導的方位短語，不能作主語，真正的主語是chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.

以上就是我們分享的倒裝結構，想了解更多信息，可以關注我們的公號，也可以添加weixin：GMATonline-Lindy，或weibo "雷哥GMAT在線「，解鎖更多考試資訊。