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2021/12/25
國小英語語法、音標、練習題比較全面
1、be動詞包括：am、is、are
(1)am用於第一人稱I的後面I am (注意：「I」無論何時都要大寫，不管位於句首還是句中)
例：I am Li Ming. I am a boy. I am ten. I』m in Class 1.
(2)is 用於第三人稱he(他) ; she(她); it(它)及其他單數名詞的後面
例：He is a good student. She is my teacher. It is a black cat. A dog is on the desk.
(3) are用於第二人稱you; 第一人稱複數we； 第三人稱複數they 及其他複數名詞的後面。 (注意：第二人稱單複數同形，都為you)
例：You are my good friend. We are in the same class.
They are my friends. The books are on the desk.
2．Be動詞的用法口訣
我（I）用am，你（you）用are,Is用於他(he)她(she)它(it)，單數is，複數are,希望大家都記下。
有be動詞的肯定句、否定句、一般疑問句及回答。
注意： 上表中的like可以用其他的動詞來替換，比如play,sing,run,sweep…
人稱代詞和物主代詞.把下面的句子變一般疑問句並寫出肯定與否定回答。
He is like his mom.他長的像他的媽媽。
Is he like his mom? Yes,he is.\No, he isn』t.
He likes his mom.他喜歡他的媽媽。
Does he like his mom?Yes,he does.\No,he doesn』t.
I am a student.—Are you a student? Yes, I am.\No,I am not.
I love my teacher.—Do you love your teacher? Yes,I do.\No,I don』t.
They are my friends.—Are they your friends?Yes,they are.\No,they aren』t.
You are my teacher.---Are you my teacher? Yes, I am.\ No, I』m not.
名詞變複數及其發音規則
不規則名詞複數：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children foot-feet, tooth-teeth
寫出下列各詞的複數
I _________him _________this her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice
water________ milk________ rice tea
物主代詞是表示所有（擁有）關係的一種代詞。
物主代詞有兩種形式：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。
形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前。
如：This is my book.這是我的書Her pen is red. 她的鋼筆是紅色的
Their teacher is Mr.Wu.他們的老師是武老師。I have a lovely cat.我有一隻可愛的小貓。
名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用，（用來代替前面提到的名詞），後面不可以再接名詞。
如：1. Your pen is red. Mine is black.
你的鋼筆是紅色的，我的是黑色的。
2. He doesn』t like his pen. He likes mine. 他不喜歡他的鋼筆。他喜歡我的鋼筆。
3. That book is hers, not yours. 那本書是她的，不是你的。
4.My book is thick. Yours is thin.我的書是厚的，你的書是薄的。
人稱代詞和物主代詞練習題
1.______(she)is my aunt. We often visit______(she)
2.Beijing is a big city._____(it) is in the north ofChina.
3.What day is _____(it) today? ____ (it) is Monday today.
4.I have a blue bike. But the red one is not_____.(my)
5.These books are very good But ______(they) are very expensive.
6.Linda is a girl. _____(she) is in Class1.______(she) sister is in Class2.
7.Tom is my friend.______(he) is a good boy. 8.What time is____(it)?
形容詞的比較級&最高級
一、形容詞概念
形容是用來修飾物體的形狀，大小，長度，屬性，特點等，位於名詞的前面。
如：big fat thick long …
二、形容詞比較級和最高級的意義
英語中的形容詞，在句子里當要表示「比較……」、「最……」時，要用特別的形式，即：比較級和最高級。原來的形式稱為原級。
如： long longer longest
原級 比較級 最高級
1．The black pen is very long. 黑色的鋼筆很長。
2．The blue pen is longer than the black one. 藍色的鋼筆比黑色的長。
3．The red pen is the longest of the three. 紅色的鋼筆是三支中最長的。
比較級:形容詞比較級用於兩個事物或人的比較，比較級後面一般帶有單詞than。
比較級的句子結構通常是：
主語+be動詞+ 形容詞比較級 +than+被比較的名詞 ,
I am taller than you. 我比你更高。
Tom is younger than Jack. Tom 比Jack大。
My book is thicker than yours.我的書比你的書厚。
形容詞變比較級的規則：
①一般在詞尾+er ，如 tall - taller ,cold-colder，young-younger
②以e結尾的，直接+r ，如 fine - finer ,nice-nicer
③以輔音字母加y結尾的，先變y為i再+er，如funny –funnier，lovely-lovelier ,happy-happier, funny-funnier
④重讀閉音節的單詞（以一個母音字母加一個輔音字母結尾），雙寫最後的輔音字母再+er，
big--bigger, fat—fatter thin--thinner ,hot–-hotter， sad--sadder，
（大，胖，瘦，熱要雙寫）
⑤多音節詞后+more
beautiful--more beautiful， expensive--more expensive
不規則形容詞比較級：
good-better, bad-worse,many\much-more
☆注意☆
1、比較的兩者應該是互相對應的可比較的東西。
典型錯誤：My hair is longer than you.（我的頭髮比你更長。）
比較的兩者是我的頭髮、你（整個人），那麼比較的對象就沒有可比性。
應該改為：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
最高級：形容詞最高級用於三者或三者以上的比較，最高級後面一般帶有in或of的短語。
形容詞變最高級的規則：
①一般直接在詞尾+est ，如 tall - tallest ,cold-coldest
②以e結尾的，直接+st ，如 fine - finest ,nice-nicest
③以輔音字母加y結尾的，先變y為i再+est，
如funny-funniest lovely-loveliest,lovely-loveliest
④重讀閉音節的單詞（以一個母音字母加一個輔音字母結尾），雙寫最後的輔音字母再+est，
big--biggest fat—fattest thin--thinnest,hot–-hottest， sad--saddest，
⑤多音節詞后+most
beautiful--most beautiful， expensive--most expensive
注意：最高級的單詞前必須用the
如：I am the tallest in our class.我在我們班是最高的。
This pen isthe most expensiveof the three.
這支鋼筆比其餘三支都貴。
二、除此之外，還有幾個特殊的單詞，它的比較級和最高級都是不規則的。如：
many / much（原形）- more（比較級）- most（最高級）
little / few（原形） - less （比較級）- least（最高級）
good（原形） - better（比較級） - best（最高級）
bad （原形） - worse（比較級） - worst（最高級）
far （原形）-- further（比較級）-- furthest（最高級）
二、根據句意填入單詞的正確形式。
1．My brother is two years _________ (old) than me.
2. Is your sister _________ (young) than you? Yes, she is.
3. Who is (thin),you or Helen?
4.Which pencil-box is _________ (big),yours or hers? Hers is.
5．Tom jumps ________ (high) than Jack.
6．Is Lucy (thin) than Helen? Yes, she is.
7．My eyes are (big) than hers.
8．Which is (heavy),the elephant or the pig?
9．Who is ________ (early),Tim or Tom?
10．Who is _____(pretty) April or Lily?
11. Today is ______( hot) than yesterday.
12. Sun is _____(fat) than Bird.
三、選擇。
1. The yellow shoes are than the blue ones.
2. A cow is ____ than a rabbit.
3. Who』s the ,Jean,Joan or Jennet?
4. Tim is than Jack.
5. I』m taller than others in my class. I』m .
6. Who is younger Rose?
7. I _____ ______ the youngest in our class.
8. His uncle』s house is very .
9. My bike is ,but his bike is .
10. Please clean your room.It』s now.
現在進行時
1.現在進行時表示此時此刻正在進行或發生的動作.2．現在進行時的肯定句結構為：主語+be+現在分詞。 例如：He is doing his homework now.
3．現在進行時的否定句在be后加not。 例如：He is not doing his homework now.
4．現在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞提到句首。 Is he doing his homework? 肯定回答：Yes,he is. 否定回答：No,he isn』t.
5．現在進行時的特殊疑問句的結構為：疑問詞 + be + 主語 + 動詞ing?如： What are you doing now? 你現在在幹什麼？ What is he doing now?他正在幹什麼？
動詞變現在分詞規則
1.一般情況下，直接加ing go-going 去 play-playing玩 sleep-sleeping 睡覺 eat-eating 吃 do-doing做 2.以不發音的e結尾，去e加ing1. come–coming 來 2. dance-dancing 跳舞 3. close-closing 關 4. make–making 製造 5. ride–riding 騎 6. write-writing 寫 7. take - taking 拿走 8. move–moving 移動/搬 9 have–having 有
3.雙寫加-ing : 重讀閉音節就要雙寫.重讀閉音節即兩個輔音中間夾一個母音判斷是不是重讀閉音節雙寫，不僅要看單詞的字母組合符合輔音字母+母音字母+輔音字母結尾， 還要看音標是不是符合輔音+ 母音+輔音結尾 只有都符合才可以雙寫。 1. sit- sitting 坐2. stop-stopping 停3. swim- swimming 游泳 4. run - running 跑 5. cut – cutting 切 6.put – putting放 7.forget-forgetting 忘記 8.get-getting 獲得 9.begin-beginning開始10.hit-hitting 撞注意： buy 不能雙寫。buy-buying
現在進行時專項練習：
一、寫出下列動詞的現在分詞：
play________ run swim _________make
go_________ like________ write________ ski
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop________ sit ________ begin________ shop
二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：
1.The boy ( draw) a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls ( sing) in the classroom .
3. My mother ( cook ) some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They ( have) an English lesson .
6.They (not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls (dance ) in the classroom .
8.What is she doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It』s 5 o』clock now. We (have) supper now. 10.______Helen(wash ) clothes? Yes ,she is.
一般現在時
一般現在時的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特徵、狀態。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。
2.表示經常性或習慣性的動作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。
3.表示客觀現實。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉。
一般現在時的構成
1.有 be動詞的情況：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：
I am a boy.我是一個男孩。
2.無be動詞的情況（即有行為動詞）：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。
We study English.我們學習英語。
當主語為第三人稱單數(he, she,it)時，要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：He likes Chinese.他喜歡漢語。
一般現在時的變化
1. be動詞的變化。
否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。
如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它？
如：-Are you a student?
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?
2.無be動詞（即有行為動詞）的變化。
否定句：主語+ don't( doesn't ) +動詞原形+其它。如：
I don't like bread.
當主語為第三人稱單數時，要用doesn't構成否定句。如：
He doesn't like bread..
一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。如：
- Do you play football every day?
當主語為第三人稱單數時，要用does構成一般疑問句。如：
- Does she go to work by bike?
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：How does your father go to work?
動詞變單三
1.一般般情況下，直接+s，如：play-plays come-comes 2以s,x,sh,ch,o結尾+es,如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, brush-brushes, go-goes. do- does 3以輔音字母+y結尾，變y為i加es，如：study-studies fly-flies cry-cries 1.He always_____(play) football on Mondays. 2.She often____(go) to school at 7:30 am. 3.It usually ___(come)to my home in spring. 4.Li Ming never___(watch)TV on Sundays. 5.A dog___(wash) his face in water. 6.Nobody____(guess) it. 7.Everyone____(study) English at school. 8.The baby often____(cry) at night.
一、 寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
二、用括弧內動詞的適當形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class 1.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Tom _______(not go) to the zoo on Sundays.
5. ______ they ________(like) the cat?
6. He always _______(watch) TV on Sundays.
7.What are _____(they)name?8. The girl _______(teach) me..
9. She and I ________(take) like PE.
10. There ________(be) a dog and a cat in my room.
11. Jack _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) two books.
13. My aunt _______(look) at me.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) not a student.I____(be) a techer.
16. She _______(go) to school every day.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. Who often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) play basketball on Saturdays.
20. －What day _______(be) it today?
－ It』s Saturday.
三、按照要求改寫句子
1. Tom watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)
2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)
3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答)
4. April likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)
5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)
6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句)
7. I like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問)
8. Jolin comes from England.(對劃線部分提問)
9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)
10. Sun and Star like swimming.(改為否定句)
五、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)
1. Is your brother speak English?
2. Does he likes going fishing?
3. He likes play games after class.
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.
5. She don』t do her homework on Sundays.
音標
單母音12個
/i:/ / :/ /ɔ:/ /u:/ /ɑ:/ /æ/
/ī/ / ә / /ɔ/ /u/ /Λ/ /e/
雙母音8個/ eī/ / aī/ /ɔī/ /īә / /εә / / uә / / әu / / au /
輔音28個
/ p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ / s / /∫/ / t∫/ /tr/ /ts/ / h / /n/ / l / / w /
/ b/ /d/ /ɡ/ /v/ / ð / / z / /ӡ/ /dӡ/ /dr/ /dz/ /m/ /ŋ/ /r/ / j /
發音規則：
母音字母在開音節中發本身音。在閉音節中不發本身音。
開音節：以母音字母結尾的單詞是開音節。閉音節：以輔音字母結尾的單詞是閉音節。
Aa /eī/ game lake plane face cake lake gate Ee /i:/me he she we these
/æ/bag at ant black album alphabet /e/ red leg elephant bed yes yellow get
Ii /aī/like bike kite nice Oo / әu /no go home nose
/ī/in it is him milk sister /ɔ/not hot orange robot
Uu /j u:/cute excuse use s /s/ bus so sit skate desks
/Λ/but bus up umbrella /z/ is nose these bags
g /dӡ/ orange age giraffe c /k/ cat cake car clock
/g/ girl glass good go /s/ face pencil nice
n /n/ no name moon in y /ī/funny windy thirsty lovely
/ŋ/ink English pink sing thank /aī/my fly try by bye cry
字母組合的發音：
ea /i:/read bean tea teacher clean oo/u:/ room moon noodles cool broom zoo afternoon
/e/ red leg yes get /u/ good foot cook look classroom
or /ɔ:/short horse morning more or ow / әu /know window yellow show snow blow
/:/word world work worker / au /now how cow towel flower owl brown
th /θ/ tooth three thirsty think mouth wh /w/ white where when what
/ ð / this that the these those father /h/ who whose whom
tch / t∫/watch match catch ph /f/ photo elephant telephone
ch / t∫/China which teacher chair f /f/ five fine four knife for
n /n/ no new name nose ay / eī/play way may day say
kn /n/ know knife knee /ī/Monday Sunday Friday
oor /ɔ:/ door flooroa / әu /goat boat coat goal
ou / au /mouse house blouse trousers al /ɔ:l / talk walk small ball
ts /ts/ coats skirts its students rabbits ir/:/bird shirt skirt circle
ds /dz/ birds beds hands cards ur/:/nurse turn Thursday purse
tr /tr/ tree train truck triangle
dr /dr/ dress driver draw drum
找出一個劃線部分發音不同的單詞
1、A、seat B、read C、leave D、bread
2、A、pig B、like C、king D、this
3、A、back B、man C、make D、happy
4、A、head B、teacher C、ready D、breakfast
5、A、help B、bed C、letter D、she
6、A、party B、star C、war D、farm
7、A、past B、has C、fast D、ask
8、A、but B、put C、cut D、mug
9、A、son B、mother C、front D、mop
10、A、job B、stop C、cold D、mop
11、A、those B、home C、no D、soft
12、A、ago B、again C、apple D、about
13、A、like B、little C、wide D、smile
14、A、make B、cake C、have D、same
15、A、way B、play C、toy D、stay
16、A、hat B、what C、map D、at
17、A、get B、next C、help D、we
18、A、early B、sky C、city D、very
19、A、grow B、how C、slow D、yellow
20、A、flower B、town C、down D、know
21、A、summer B、just C、ruler D、truck
22、A、book B、wood C、school D、good
23、A、noodle B、moon C、foot D、noon
24、A、world B、doctor C、word D、work
25、A、learn B、earth C、near D、early
26、A、sport B、horse C、short D、word
27、A、look B、good C、foot D、room
28、A、he B、she C、we D、they
29、A、driver B、her C、teacher D、brother
30、A、house B、mouth C、ground D、
31、A、near B、hear C、learn D、dear
32、A、hare B、are C、care D、square
33、A、here B、where C、there D、therefore
34、A、face B、nice C、city D、circle
35、A、find B、kind C、still D、blind
36、A、seat B、mean C、leave D、bread
37、A、seat B、mean C、leave D、bread
38、A、August B、aunt C、autumn D、pause
39、A、three B、think C、mouth D、fourth
40、A、they B、thank C、there D、with
41、A、what B、white C、whose D、when
42、A、who B、whom C、where D、whose
43、A、colour B、circle C、country D、cock
44、A、usually B、pleasure C、vision D、desk
尊重原創，感謝原創，如有侵權，原作者可隨時聯繫做刪除處理。
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