28. by oneself=on one』s own獨自
29. watch over 看守,照管,監視
30.mobile phone手機
31. with the help of在…的幫助下
32. what』s more=inaddition 更重要的是,而且,另外
33. be filled with充滿
二、重點句型
1. …it nearly took two hundred years before I was built as an analyticalmachine…差不多到了200年之後我才被做成分析機。
It takes/took/be+時間段+before… 「多久之後才…」
2. As time went by. 隨著時間的推移。
三、語法----被動語態
(一)概念:主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。
(二)各種時態被動語態的形式
1.一般現在時的被動語態 am/is/are + done
2.一般過去時的被動語態 was/were + done
3.一般將來時的被動語態⑴will/shall be done⑵be going to be done⑶be to be done
4.現在進行時的被動語態 is/am/are + being +done
表示說話人說話時或現階段正在進行的動作,經常和時間副詞now (現在), right now (現在,此刻), at present (現在,目前), at this moment (此刻)連用。
5.現在完成時的被動 have/has been done
現在完成時常與already,always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明確的時間副詞連用,還可以和表示時間一直延續到目前的帶(ever )since, for的狀語及包括現在在內的詞連用。如: now, today, thismonth, this year, recently, these days,many times, so far, by now, in the past/last few days/years…等。
6.過去完成時的被動 had been done
7.過去將來時的被動 would be done
8.過去進行時的被動 was/were being done
9.帶情態動詞的被動語態情態動詞 + be done
10.動詞不定式的被動式 to be done e.g. It is an honor for me to be asked tospeak here.
(三)注意事項:
1.並不是所有動詞都有被動語態
happen,take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物動詞或片語無被動語態。
2.短語動詞、固定搭配變被動語態介詞副詞不省。
E.g. Time should be madefull use of.
3.雙賓語:一個賓語成主語,另一主語保留不變。
E.g. Mother will buy me an iphone5.
→ I will be bought an iphone5 (by mymother) .
→ An iphone5 will be bought for me(by my mother) .
4.複合賓語(含賓補)省to動詞不定式變被動還原to
使役:make sb. do sth.→Sb. be made to do sth.
感官類:see/hear sb. do sth.→Sb. be seen/heard to do sth.
e.g.Mum made me clean the floor.
→I was made to clean the floor.
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