高考熱點難點複習專題-狀語從句

【聯考考綱解讀】

狀語從句有時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、比較和讓步狀語從句，共9種，是每年必考的語法項目，主要考查連詞的判斷選用，主句與從句謂語動詞的時態運用。其中，以對時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和結果狀語從句的考查最為頻繁。近幾年，重點考查的連詞有：when，while，as，before，unless，however等。近三年，聯考有考查狀語從句、賓語從句、名詞性從句交叉運用的題型出現。

【重點、難點剖析】

一、時間狀語從句

(一)when，while與as引導的時間狀語從句

1．when，while與as引導時間狀語從句的區別

When they heard the news that Shenzhou Ⅸ had been sent up into space successfully，they jumped with joy.

聽到「神舟」九號成功發射的消息，他們高興地跳了起來。

While I was reading，he came in.

我正在看書時，他進來了。

The students sang as they walked.

學生們邊走邊唱。

2．while還可以作並列連詞，表示對比，意為「而，卻」。

Liu Wang is from Shanxi while Liu Yang comes from Henan.

劉旺來自山西，而劉洋來自河南。

3．when也可以作並列連詞，意為「這時，那時」。

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

我們正在開會這時突然有人闖了進來。

(二)before與since引導的時間狀語從句

1．before與since的常用句式

It will be two years before he leaves the country.

再過兩年他才會離開這個國家。

It wasn't two years before he left the country.

不到兩年他就離開了這個國家。

2．since引導的從句如果用非延續性動詞，所表示的動作自從句謂語動作算起；若用延續性動詞，所表示的動作自動作或狀態的完成或結束時算起。

It's two years since we arrived here.

我們到這兒兩年了。

It's three years since we lived here.

我們不住在這裡有三年了。

(三)表示「一……就……」含義的詞(短語)引導的時間狀語從句

1．引導時間狀語從句，且表示「一……就……」含義的詞或短語有：as soon as，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，hardly/scarcely... when，no sooner... than...。

2．hardly/scarcely... when，no sooner... than...中主句應用過去完成時，從句應用一般過去時；當no sooner...和hardly/scarcely...位於句首時，主句要部分倒裝。

(四)until與till引導的時間狀語從句

1．until與till引導時間狀語從句的區別

2.not until位於句首時，主句要部分倒裝。

(五)引導時間狀語從句的其他常見連詞(短語)

1．其他常見的引導時間狀語從句的連詞(短語)還有after，whenever，every time，each time，next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.

每當我們遇到困難，他們就來幫忙。

2．by the time引導的時間狀語從句用一般現在時，主句用將來完成時；by the time引導的時間狀語從句用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時。

By the time you come back, we'll have finished the job.

到你回來的時候，我們將已經完成這項工作。

They had planted ten trees by the time we arrived.

我們到的時候，他們已經種了10棵樹了。

二、條件狀語從句

1．引導條件狀語從句的常見從屬連詞有if，unless，as/so long as，in case(萬一)，once，on condition that，provided/providing (that)，supposing(that)等。

You'll fail the exam unless you study hard.

除非你努力學習，否則你會考試不及格。

As long as you don't lose heart，you will succeed.

只要你不灰心，你就會成功。

In case there is a fire，what will we do first?

萬一發生火災，我們首先做什麼？

2．在條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時代替一般將來時，一般過去時代替過去將來時。

三、讓步狀語從句

(一)although，though，as與while引導的讓步狀語從句

1．although引導讓步狀語從句時，只能用正常語序；though引導讓步狀語從句時，可用正常語序，也可用倒裝語序；as引導讓步狀語從句時只能用倒裝語序，即從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置於句首，若表語是單數名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。

Although the sun is shining, it isn't very warm.

儘管艷陽高照，天氣並不是很暖和。

Happy as they were, there was something missing.

儘管他們快樂，但總缺少點什麼。

2．although與though都可以與yet，still連用，但不能和but連用。

3．though還可以作副詞，意為「可是，然而」，置於句末。

I've a bit of cold.It is nothing much，though.

我有點感冒，不過不太嚴重。

4．while引導讓步狀語從句時，一般置於句首。

While I admit that there are problems，I don't agree that they cannot be solved.

儘管我承認有問題存在，但我不同意說這些問題不能解決。

(二)even if與even though引導的讓步狀語從句

even if與even though表示「即使，縱然」，有退一步設想的意味，多用於書面語中。

I'll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.

我要做這件事，即使它將花去我整個下午的時間。

Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.

即使我處於你的位置，我也不會接受這份工作。

(三)「no matter＋疑問詞」與「疑問詞＋ever」引導的讓步狀語從句

1．「no matter＋疑問詞」相當於「疑問詞＋ever」，二者都可以引導讓步狀語從句。

Don't trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.

無論他說什麼，不要相信他。

2．whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever還可以引導名詞性從句。

(四)whether...or...引導的讓步狀語從句

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

不管你相信與否，那都是真的。

四、地點狀語從句

1．引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞where, wherever指具體地點時，從句可位於主句之前或之後；表示抽象條件的含義時，從句需放在主句之前。如：

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

You are free to go wherever you like.

你願意去哪裡就去哪裡。

2．注意區分where引導的定語從句與狀語從句。如：

You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(狀語從句)

You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定語從句)

你最好在有問題的地方做一下標記。

五、原因狀語從句

1．引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that，每個連詞的含義不盡相同。

如：

She's studying because she has a test tomorrow.

她正在學習，因為她明天有考試。

As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.

由於在下雨，我們不去公園了。

Now that/Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.

既然大家都在，我們開始開會吧。

2．此外，when也可以表示原因，意為：since; considering that既然；考慮到。如：

It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.

既然步行5分鐘能輕鬆到達那裡，你卻打車，你可真夠愚蠢的。

六、目的狀語從句和結果狀語從句

1．目的狀語從句

引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。如：

I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.

我會慢慢說，這樣你就能理解我。

Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.

帶上雨衣以防下雨。

2．結果狀語從句

(1)引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so that, so...that..., such...that...在非正式語體中，由so...that...，such...that...引導的句子中的that可以省略，注意其結構形式：

如：

Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.

＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.

邁克是一個如此誠實的工人，以至於我們都相信他。

It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.

天氣如此晴朗，以至於我們都想去公園。

He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.

他掙的錢如此少，以至於養不起家。

當so或such置於句首時，主句要用倒裝語序。如：

So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all difficult problems.

他是如此聰明的學生，以至於能成功地解出所有難題。

(2)除結果狀語從句外，too...to...(太……而不能……)，enough to...(達到某種程度可以……)，so...as to...(那麼……以至於……)等不定式結構同樣可以表示結果。如：

He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus.

＝He got up too late to catch the bus.

＝He got up so late as to miss the bus.

他起床太晚，以至於沒趕上那班公共汽車。

七、方式狀語從句

引導方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有as, as if, as though等。方式狀語從句應放在主句之後。其中as if或as though引導的從句一般用虛擬語氣，但如果從句中所述的情況很可能實現，也可用陳述語氣。如：

Do as you are told to, or you'll be fired.

告訴你怎麼做就怎麼做，否則你會被解僱。

The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.

這位老太太對待這個男孩就像他是她自己的兒子似的。

I feel as if I have a fever.

我感覺像是發燒了。

【題型示例】

考點1、時間狀語從句

【例1】【2016·北京】33. I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.

A. because B. before C. unless D. until

【變式探究】

【2016·北京】27.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he』s in his nineties.

A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case

【舉一反三】(2014·陝西，24改編)The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left______I could ask for their names.

立意與點撥：通過分析句子結構可知前後兩個句子間缺少連詞，根據兩句話的時間關係可知主句動作先發生。

【舉一反三】I have heard a lot of good things about you ________ I came back from abroad.

【變式探究】He smiled politely ________ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.

A．as B．if C．unless D．though

【變式探究】He had no sooner finished his speech________ the students started cheering.

A．since B．as

C．when D．than

【變式探究】I'm sorry you've been waiting so long，but it'll still be some time ________ Brian gets back.

A．before B．since C．till D．after

【特別提醒】

1．before的譯法

before的基本意義是「在……之前」，但在不同的語境中可靈活翻譯為「(沒過多久)就……」，「(過多久)才……」，「還沒來得及……就……」，「趁……(還沒有)時」。例如：

It won't be long before the problem is solved.

用不了多久這個問題就能解決。

It was two years before we met again.

我們兩年後才再次見面。

She shut the door before I could say a word.

我還沒來得及說句話，她就把門關上了。

We have to act quickly before things become worse.

我們必須趁事態還沒惡化時儘快採取行動。

2．可引導時間狀語從句的名詞片語及副詞

名詞片語the moment，the instant，the minute，the first time，each time，every time等以及副詞immediately，instantly等也可起從屬連詞的作用，引導時間狀語從句。例如：

I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.

第一次給旅行團作講解時，我感覺很不好。

The fans cheered loudly the moment their favourite singer appeared on stage.

喜歡的歌手一上台，歌迷們就大聲歡呼。

I'll inform you immediately there's any change.

如果情況有變，我會馬上通知你。

考點2、讓步狀語從句

【例2】(2015·聯考福建卷，T31)________ the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp.

A．While B．Unless

C．Since D．Until

【舉一反三】(2014·江蘇，21改編)Lessons can be learned to face the future ______history cannot be changed.

立意與點撥：對比分析兩個句子的意思可知從句表達的意思是「雖然；儘管」。

【舉一反三】________ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.

【變式探究】—Since you like the car so much，why not buy it?

—________，I can't afford it.

A．As I like it much B．Much as I like it

C．I like it as much D．As much I like it

【變式探究】 ________ hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.

A．However B．Whatever C．Whichever D．Whenever

【變式探究】 ________ volleyball is her main focus，she's also great at basketball.

A．Since B．Once C．Unless D．While

【特別提醒】

as引導的讓步狀語從句

as引導讓步狀語從句時，要把作表語的形容詞、名詞，作狀語的副詞或謂語的一部分提到句首，如果是單數名詞作表語，把它提到句首時，其前不用冠詞。具體分為以下幾類：

1「名詞＋as＋主語＋其他」構成讓步狀語從句，單數名詞前不加冠詞。如：

Scientist as he is，he is still as modest as before.不能用although，scientist前不用冠詞

2「動詞＋as＋主語＋其他」構成讓步狀語從句。如：

Struggle as he might，he was not able to get out.不能用although

3「形容詞＋as＋主語＋其他」構成讓步狀語從句。如：

Crazy as his ideas may sound，some people think there is something in them.不能用although

4「副詞＋as＋主語＋謂語」構成讓步狀語從句。如：

Much as I have traveled，I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.不能用although

題型3、條件狀語從句

【例3】(2015·聯考北京卷，T28)You won』t find paper cutting difficult ________ you keep practicing it.

A．even though B．as long as

C．as if D．ever since

【舉一反三】 (2014·湖南，26改編)You will never gain success ______you are fully devoted to your work.

立意與點撥：根據句意可知主從句間是條件關係，且對比分析兩句話間「主將從現」的時態及主句中的否定詞never可知用表條件的unless(if...not)。

【舉一反三】It's much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests.

【變式探究】I have a tight budget for the trip，so I'm not going to fly ________ the airlines lower ticket prices.

A．once B．if C．after D．unless

【變式探究】One's life has value ________ one brings value to the life of others.

A．so that B．no matter how

C．as long as D．except that

【變式探究】You can borrow my car ________ you promise not to drive too fast.

A．unless B．even if

C．in case D．as long as

【特別提醒】

1．條件狀語從句的引導詞

引導條件狀語從句的詞(組)主要有if「如果」，unless「如果不，除非」，so/as long as「只要」，on condition that「只要，條件是」，providing/provided(that)「假如」，in case(that)「如果」。

注意：條件狀語從句中的if不能用whether替換。

2．if only與only if之間的區別

(1)if only意為「但願，要是……就好了」，其後常用虛擬語氣。

If only he had followed the doctor's advice，he would not suffer so much now.

(2)only if意為「只要，只有」引導真實條件句。置於句首時，其後的主句要用部分倒裝語序。

Only if you finish your work before nine can you go out to play.