對外漢語老師應該怎樣提高英語閱讀水平？

閱讀是學習英語重要的一部分，但許多對外漢語老師都覺得閱讀很難。下面的一些建議，可以讓你通過使用在母語中用到的技巧來幫助你提高閱讀水平！

Tip 1: Read for Gist

建議一：讀主旨

Gist = the main ideas

Gist=主旨，要點

Read the text a first time. Don't stop. Read to understand the main ideas, and don't look up new words. You'll be surprised that you can usually understand the general idea of the story.

首先通讀全文。不要中途停下，在閱讀的過程中理解主旨，不要查新詞。你會驚訝地發現，你總是能夠理解故事的大意。

Tip 2: Use Context

建議二：讀上下文

Context refers words and situations that are around a word you don't understand. Look at the example sentence:

上下文指的是圍繞一個你不理解地詞語地一些片語和語境。請看例句：

I went to the shlumping to buy some chitla for dinner.

What's 'schlumping'? - it must be a store because you bought something there.

Shlumping是什麼意思?——它肯定指的是一個商店，因為你是在那兒買東西。

What's 'chitia'? - It must be food because you are going to eat it for dinner.

Chitia是什麼意思?它肯定是一種食物，因為你晚餐得吃它。

Tip 3: Use Your Own Language

建議三：使用自己的母語

One of the best tips on improving reading is to think about how you read in your own language. Start by thinking about how you read different documents. How do you read the newspaper? How do you read novels? How do you read train schedules? and so on. Taking time to think about this will help give you clues on how to read in English - even if you don't understand every single word.

提高閱讀最好的方法之一就是，想想自己閱讀母語材料的方式是怎樣的。先思考你是怎樣閱讀不同類型的文本。你是怎麼讀報紙的?你是怎麼讀小說的?你是怎麼讀火車時刻表的?等等。花些時間來思考，這會為你進行英語閱讀提供一些線索——即使你並不是每個詞都認識。

Ask yourself this question: Do I read every word in your own language when I am reading a schedule, summary, or other outlining document?

問你自己一個問題：當我在讀母語的日程表、總結或其他大綱文件時，是逐詞閱讀嗎?

The answer is most definitely: No!

答案肯定是：不!

Reading in English is like reading in your native language. This means that it is not always necessary to read and understand each and every word in English. Remember that reading skills in your native language and English are basically the same.

英語閱讀就像你的母語閱讀一樣。這意味著我們不總是需要閱讀並理解英語中的每一個詞語。記住，你的母語閱讀技巧在英語閱讀中也同樣適用。

Tip 4: Understand Different Reading Skills

建議四：了解不同的閱讀技巧

Here is a quick overview of the four types of reading skills used in every language:

下面是對四種閱讀技巧的快速一覽，這些技巧適用於任何語言。

Skimming - used to understand the "gist" or main idea

略讀——用來理解「主旨」或「大意」。

Scanning - used to find a particular piece of information

翻閱——用來找尋特定的信息

Extensive reading - used for pleasure and general understanding

泛讀——用於娛樂性地或大致地了解

Intensive reading - accurate reading for detailed understanding

精讀——為了理解細節而進行的精確閱讀

1.Skimming

略讀

Skimming is used to quickly gather the most important information, or 'gist'. Run your eyes over the text, noting important information. Use skimming to quickly get up to speed on a current business situation. It's not essential to understand each word when skimming.

略讀是用來快速獲取最重要的信息，或「主旨」。掃視文本，找到重要的信息。使用略讀可以快速進入狀態，了解最近的經濟狀況。略讀時，我們不需要了解每一個詞語的意思。

Examples of Skimming:

略讀的例子：

The Newspaper (quickly to get the general news of the day)

報紙(快速獲取當天新聞的大概)

Magazines (quickly to discover which articles you would like to read in more detail)

雜誌(快速找出你想仔細閱讀的文章)

Business and Travel Brochures (quickly to get informed)

商務和旅遊宣傳冊(快速了解情況)

2.Scanning

翻閱

Scanning is used to find a particular piece of information. Run your eyes over the text looking for the specific piece of information you need. Use scanning on schedules, meeting plans, etc. in order to find the specific details you require. If you see words or phrases that you don't understand, don't worry when scanning.

翻閱是用來尋找某條特定的信息。掃視文本，找出你需要的具體某條信息。在尋讀的時候，如果看到不理解的詞語或短語也不必擔心。

Examples of Scanning

翻閱的例子

The "What's on TV" section of your newspaper.

報紙上關於「電視節目」板塊

A train / airplane schedule

火車/飛機時刻表

A conference guide

會議指南

3.Extensive reading

泛讀

Extensive reading is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business procedures. Do not worry if you understand each word.

泛讀是用來對某個主題進行大致的了解，包括出於興趣閱讀較長的文本和商務書籍。使用泛讀技巧可以提高你在閱讀商務流程大致信息的技巧。不需要每個詞都理解。

4.Intensive reading

精讀

Intensive reading is used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information. It includes very close accurate reading for detail. Use intensive reading skills to grasp the details of a specific situation. In this case, it is important that you understand each word, number or fact.

精讀是用來閱讀比較短的文本以獲取具體的信息。它包括詳細的精確閱讀。精讀技巧可以抓住具體情況中的細節。在這種情形下，閱讀每一個詞語、數字或事實就很重要了。

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