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2018高考英語語法專練:非謂語動詞(含答案和解析)

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高中階段的英語學習,非謂語內容看似比較龐雜,其實是有規律可循的。我們只需弄清楚三點即可:非謂語動詞的形式;每種非謂語形式的含義;非謂語動詞的解題方法。今天,我們先來看看近幾年聯考是怎樣考查非謂語動詞的。

Ⅰ. 單句語法填空

1.(2015·安徽,27改編)__Ignoring__(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.

解析:設空處位於句首,考慮句中可能缺少主語或狀語,再分析句子成分,句中已有謂語動詞will be,句中缺少的是主語,再根據句意可知應用動名詞形式。句意為:忽視這兩種研究結果的差異將是你所犯的最嚴重錯誤之一。分析句子結構可知,句子的謂語部分是will be,one of the worst mistakes是表語,you make是省略關係代詞的定語從句,修飾mistakes。很顯然,________the difference between the two research findings是主語部分,結合語境可知設空處用動名詞作主語。答案為Ignoring。

2.(2014·四川,5改編)The manager was satisfied to see many new products__developed__(develop) after great effort.

解析:提示詞為動詞,且句中已有謂語was satisfied to see,便會考慮此處為「動詞(see/hear/feel/watch/notice等)+名詞或代詞+賓補」結構;再根據所給的動詞和其邏輯主語的關係確定答案。句意為:經過一番努力之後,看到許多新產品被開發出來,經理感到很滿意。此處為see sth. done結構,動詞develop與賓語many new products之間為邏輯上的動賓關係,故用過去分詞作賓補表示被動、已完成,故答案為developed。

3.(2014·廣東,25)We got a little __sunburned或sunburnt__(sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.

解析:給出的提示詞為動詞,並且句中也有了謂語動詞got,考慮設空處應用非謂語動詞形式;再分析sunburn與其邏輯主語we的關係可判斷應用過去分詞形式。本題考查「get+過去分詞」表示狀態。got在該題中為連繫動詞,且sunburn與we之間為動賓關係,故應用過去分詞作表語。因此,答案為sunburned或sunburnt。

4.(2014·天津,5改編)Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only__to_find__(find) it didn't fit.

解析:給出的提示詞為動詞,句中已有謂語動詞took和tried,故此處考慮用非謂語動詞作狀語;再根據空前的only及句意可判斷此處為「only+不定式」結構。句意為:她急切地從包裹里拿出裙子穿上,結果發現它不合身。only to do表示出乎意料的結果。故填to find。

5.(2015·課標全國Ⅰ,70)Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people __living__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

解析:分析句子結構快速找到謂語動詞arranges,從而判斷此處應填非謂語動詞;再根據句意可知,邏輯主語people與live之間為主動關係,最後確定填現在分詞形式。句意為:香港的一家旅遊公司Abercrombie & Kent說,他們經常在這兒為上海人和香港人安排方便的度假。

6.(2015·北京,21改編)__To_catch__(catch) the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.

解析:To catch在此作目的狀語。句意:為了趕上早航班,我們提前訂了計程車並且起得很早。

7.(2015·北京,23改編)The park was full of people,__enjoying__(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.

解析:enjoying為現在分詞作伴隨狀語,與people形成邏輯上的主謂關係。句意:公園裡人山人海,他們在沐浴著陽光愉快地玩耍。

8.(2015·天津,5改編)__Absorbed__(absorb) in painting,John didn't notice evening approaching.

解析:動詞absorb有「使專心」之意,常見短語be absorbed in,所以用過去分詞作原因狀語。

9.(2015·天津,8改編)__Having_worked__(work) for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

解析:該題邏輯主語是Steve,與動詞work是主謂關係,已知謂語動詞為managed to finish,「成功完成」,比較動作work和已知謂語可知,先工作兩天,才成功完成,因此用可表示發生在已知謂語動詞之前的having worked。

10.(2015·陝西,17改編)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on __to_thank__(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.

解析:go on後接to do或doing作賓語均可以,但是go on doing表示「繼續干同一件事」,而go on to do則表示「繼續干另一件事」。由語境可知,Anne Benedict在接受獎項后又繼續干另一件事,即:感謝幫助過她的人,故要用動詞不定式作賓語。句意:在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎項之後,Anne Benedict繼續感謝所有曾經在她的職業生涯中幫助過她的人。

11.(2015·陝西,18改編)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother __taken__(take) good care of at home.

解析:分析結構可知,此處是「see+賓語+賓語補足語」結構,賓語補足語可以是do,doing或者done。若賓語與補語之間為主謂關係,且強調動作的全過程,用省略to的動詞不定式,即do;若賓語與補語之間為主謂關係,且強調動作正在進行,用doing;若賓語與補語之間為動賓關係,用過去分詞作賓補。此處his mother與take good care of之間為動賓關係,要用taken作賓補。句意:在非洲醫療服務兩年後回來,李博士看到他的母親在家裡被照顧得很好,他很高興。

12.(2015·浙江,18改編)Listening to music at home is one thing;going to hear it __being_performed__(perform) live is quite another.

解析:由live(現場直播)可知「聽到音樂正在被演奏」,故填being performed。

13.(2015·湖南,30改編)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,__wondering__(wonder) whether to stay or leave.

解析:句意:當店員看到一張慈祥的臉上擠出一副抱歉的笑容時,她愣愣地站在了那裡,不知是去還是留。此句的謂語動詞是stood,所以wonder在此用-ing形式作伴隨狀語。

14.(2015·湖南,34改編)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students __to_talk__(talk) over what is bothering them.

解析:talk over討論。分析句子結構可知act as a listening ear for fellow students to do sth.中的to do sth.是作students的賓語補足語。句意:有時我充當一個傾聽者來傾聽我的同學們討論他們的煩心事。

15.(2015·重慶,11改編)Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way __using__(use) the sun and the stars.

解析:using the sun and the stars在句中作狀語,與邏輯主語birds構成主動關係,故用現在分詞。句意:像古代水手那樣,鳥可以利用太陽和恆星來找到路。

16.(2015·福建,28改編)__To_learn__(learn) more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.

解析:由語境可知,此處是動詞不定式作目的狀語。句意:為了更多地了解文化,傑克決定把民間音樂作為選修課。

17.(2015·福建,33改編)In recent years an English word 「infosphere」 has appeared,__combining__(combine) the sense of 「information」 and 「atmosphere」.

解析:由語境可知,infosphere與combine之間為主謂關係,故要用doing作狀語。句意:近幾年,一個英語單詞infosphere出現了,它把「信息」與「氣氛」的含義結合在一起。

18.(2015·江蘇,24改編)Much time__spent__(spend) sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

解析:本句為獨立主格結構。逗號後為主句,逗號前為獨立主格作原因狀語。time與spend是被動關係,故填spent。句意:因為花費很多時間坐在桌子旁,辦公室職員一般都受健康問題的困擾。

19.When there was no place in the whole field __left__(leave) to dig, the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.

解析:句意:當整塊兒地都沒有什麼可挖的地方時,兔子挖了一個隧道,直通到狗一直躺著的地方。這裡的提示詞leave和前面的place是邏輯上的動賓關係,所以用left。

20.Henry can't attend the party __being_held__(hold) at Tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party __to_be_held__(hold) at Marie's house tomorrow.

解析:考查非謂語動詞作定語。第一空,根據at present可知,hold這個動作正在進行,且hold與party之間是動賓關係,故用being held;第二空,根據tomorrow可知,hold這個動作尚未發生,且hold與party之間是動賓關係,故用to be held。

Ⅱ. 語法填空

在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括弧內單詞的正確形式。

In the past, if I had to look away from my phone, I felt like I was going to die. When I had lunch with my family or dated with my friends, I couldn't resist __1. replying__(reply) to a text message or checking my Facebook, We Chat on __2. the__ mobile phone. Before long, it was easy for me __3. to_get__(get) tired. The more I texted during the day, the __4. poorer__(poor) my sleep was. I couldn't even focus on my study.

My friend told me that people __5. who/that__ can't help checking their phones all day are known as phubbers(低頭族). Phubbing trends not only involve the young people, but __6. the__ elderly. Soon, I found a slogan on a website as follows: stop twittering, stop posting photos...

__7. Thankfully__(thankful), I realized there was actually an outside world. My __8. divided__ (divide) attention could keep me from what is truly important. Now, I can use the phone without __9. feeling__(feel) like a drug addict. I have more time __10. to_enjoy__(enjoy) real-life activities. Use your cell phone and don't let it use you.

解析:

1.resist後用動名詞作賓語。

2.on the phone「在手機上」,是固定短語。

3.it是形式主語,本空所填的動詞不定式是真正主語。

4.由前面的the more判斷填poorer,本句為「the+比較級...,the+比較級...」句式。

5.本空引導定語從句,修飾先行詞people,並在從句中作主語,故用who或that。

6.形容詞前用定冠詞,表示一類人,the elderly「老年人」。

7.作句子狀語,意為「幸虧,幸好」,所以本空填副詞Thankfully。

8.作attention的定語,與attention之間是被動關係,故填divided,表示「被分散了的精力」。

9.位於介詞後用動名詞形式。

10.have more time to do sth.「有更多的時間去做某事」,動詞不定式作定語。

Ⅲ. 單句改錯

1.Even when it comes to shake hands, ladies come first.

答案與解析:shake→shaking在when it comes to...句型中,to為介詞,所以要用動名詞作to的賓語。

2.The express company will get all these goods received delivering to the customers today.

答案與解析:delivering→delivered句意為:快遞公司今天將會把所有這些收到的貨物派送給顧客們。deliver與其邏輯主語these goods之間為邏輯上的動賓關係,即these goods為deliver動作的承受者,所以應用過去分詞作賓語補足語,此處為「get+賓語+賓補」結構。

3.(2014·遼寧)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.

答案與解析:understanding→understandIt's difficult to do sth.意為「做某事是困難的」,其中to為動詞不定式符號,其後要跟動詞原形。故將understanding改為understand。

4.I, together with my two friends, was eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant, locating in the center of New York.

答案與解析:locating→located句意為:我和我的兩個朋友一起,正在位於紐約市中心的一家中餐館里用餐。(be) located in...為固定用法,意為「坐落於……」。故將locating改為located。

5.We all enjoyed the precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together.

答案與解析:remember→remembering句意為:我們所有人都很享受這寶貴的一天,記著我們一起度過的時光。句中已有謂語動詞enjoyed,因此remember應用非謂語動詞形式;remember與主語we之間構成主動關係,故用現在分詞形式。

6.But now we often discuss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves.

答案與解析:raising→raised句意:但現在我們經常討論並儘力解決老師或我們自己提出來的問題。根據by可知,「問題」是「被老師或我們自己提出」,故應用過去分詞作定語。

7.The ability express one's idea somehow decides how far one can get along in one's college.

答案與解析:express前加to句意為:一個人表達思想的能力在一定程度上決定了他在大學里的發展。抽象名詞ability等詞后通常用不定式作定語。

8.The office of the Students' Union will contact the choosing candidates for an interview in a few days.

答案與解析:choosing→chosen句意為:幾天後,學生會辦公室將聯繫已被選出的候選人來面試。這裡指的是「已被選出的候選人」,表示被動和完成,所以用過去分詞作定語。

9.Travel to a place I have never been to certainly can broaden my mind.

答案與解析:Travel→Travelling 作句子的主語,表示事實,用動名詞。動詞原形不能作句子的主語。

10.They couldn't help say that their son had grown up.

答案與解析:say→sayingcan't help doing「禁不住做某事」,是固定短語。

11.(2016·新課標Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.

答案與解析:take→taking句意:我們可以選擇待在家裡或是去旅行。and連接兩個並列成分。本句中動名詞短語staying at home與taking a trip構成並列關係,都作介詞between的賓語。

12.(2016·新課標Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.

答案與解析:wear→wearing句意:我通過穿一些奇怪的衣服向他們展示我的獨立。by是介詞,後接動名詞短語作賓語。

13.(2016·安徽合肥八中第一次段考)Having a pleasant trip and see you Friday.

答案與解析:Having→Have句意:旅途愉快,星期五見。由於此為祝福用語,須用祈使句表示祝願,動詞用原形。

14.(2016·安徽示範性高中第二次聯考)To achieve determination,we need the followed strategies.

答案與解析:followed→following句意:為了實現決心,我們需要以下策略。動詞follow的非謂語動詞作定語意為「以下的」時,須用following。

15.(2016·福建神州十三中期中考試)She can't imagine so young a girl live alone.

答案與解析:live→living或live→lives句意:她不能想像這樣年輕的女孩一個人生活。根據動詞imagine的句型用法:imagine sb. doing...;imagine that...可知,後面要麼用非謂語動詞形式,要麼為賓語從句。

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